A cough during pregnancy is common. Managing it safely is important for the pregnant person and baby’s well-being. Understanding typical causes and safe remedies can alleviate symptoms. Many coughs resolve with home care, but recognizing when medical attention is needed is also important.
Common Reasons for Cough During Pregnancy
Pregnancy brings physiological changes that can contribute to a cough. Hormonal shifts, especially increased progesterone, affect the respiratory system, leading to increased mucus production and congestion. This mucus can result in post-nasal drip, a frequent trigger for coughing. Additionally, the immune system undergoes modifications during pregnancy, potentially increasing susceptibility to common viral infections like colds and the flu.
Acid reflux, or GERD, is another common contributor to coughing during pregnancy. Hormonal changes can relax the esophageal sphincter, allowing stomach acid to irritate the airways. As pregnancy progresses, the growing uterus can also exert pressure on the stomach, increasing acid reflux symptoms, including a persistent cough.
Safe Home Remedies for Cough Relief
Several home strategies can provide relief from a cough during pregnancy without risks. Staying well-hydrated is a primary recommendation, as drinking water, herbal teas, or clear broths helps to thin mucus and soothe the throat. Using a humidifier in your living or sleeping area can add moisture to the air, keeping nasal passages and the respiratory tract hydrated, easing congestion and coughing. Regular cleaning of humidifiers prevents mold or bacteria growth.
Gargling with warm salt water can alleviate a sore throat and reduce irritation accompanying a cough. A solution of about 1/4 teaspoon of salt dissolved in 8 ounces of warm water is effective. Consuming honey, either straight or mixed into warm water or tea, is another beneficial remedy due to its natural anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties that can soothe the throat and suppress coughing. Elevating the head with extra pillows while sleeping can reduce post-nasal drip and acid reflux, which can worsen nighttime coughing. Adequate rest also supports the body’s healing and recovery.
Over-the-Counter Options and Medications to Avoid
When considering over-the-counter (OTC) medications, consult a healthcare provider before taking any product during pregnancy. Dextromethorphan, a cough suppressant, is generally considered safe, though some studies have noted a possible link to birth defects. Guaifenesin, an expectorant that thins mucus, is generally acceptable after the first trimester, but early pregnancy safety research is limited, with some studies suggesting an association with certain birth defects. Avoid liquid cold medications containing alcohol.
Certain decongestants, like pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine, require caution and are generally not recommended, especially during the first trimester. Pseudoephedrine has been associated with an increased risk of gastroschisis, an abdominal wall defect. Phenylephrine, particularly in oral form, can cause vasoconstriction that can reduce blood flow to the placenta. These medications are typically advised against unless approved by a healthcare professional. Multi-symptom cold medications should be avoided, as they often contain unnecessary ingredients that could pose risks.
When to Seek Medical Advice
While many coughs during pregnancy are mild and resolve with home care, certain symptoms warrant prompt medical attention. Contact a doctor if a cough persists for more than a few days without improvement, or if accompanied by a high fever, typically 102°F or greater. Difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, or chest pain are serious indicators requiring immediate evaluation.
Other red flag symptoms include coughing up colored phlegm, like green or yellow secretions, which could indicate a bacterial infection. A severe sore throat that does not improve, or worsening symptoms despite home remedies, necessitates medical consultation. Always follow the specific advice of a healthcare provider regarding any health concerns during pregnancy.