Reducing breast milk supply, known as lactation suppression or weaning, is most safely achieved through gradual steps. Parents often reduce supply when transitioning to formula feeding, preparing to wean a child, or managing an oversupply that causes discomfort. Because milk production operates on a supply-and-demand mechanism, a slow reduction signals the body to safely decrease output. The key to a smooth transition is minimizing breast stimulation and milk removal over a period of days or weeks, allowing hormone levels to adjust naturally.
Gradual Methods for Supply Reduction
The most effective strategies for reducing milk supply center on slowly altering the frequency and duration of milk removal, which directly controls the production signal. Abruptly stopping milk removal can lead to severe engorgement, significantly increasing the risk of complications like blocked ducts or infection. A phased approach allows the body to downregulate production safely.
Parents can begin by dropping one feeding or pumping session every few days, allowing the breasts time to adjust before eliminating another session. When reducing pumping, shortening the duration of each session by a few minutes every other day is an effective strategy. The goal is to consistently remove slightly less milk than the body is currently producing, signaling the need for less milk.
For those managing a severe oversupply, a technique called block feeding can be effective. This involves nursing or pumping from only one breast for a set period, often three to six hours, before switching sides. Extended fullness in the unused breast increases the concentration of the Feedback Inhibitor of Lactation (FIL). This whey protein acts locally to slow down milk synthesis in that breast.
When the breast feels uncomfortably full between sessions, practice partial pumping or hand expression only to the point of relief. Removing just enough milk to relieve pressure maintains the signal for reduced demand. Fully emptying the breast will stimulate the body to maintain or even increase its current supply, so only remove the minimum amount necessary for comfort.
External Aids and Non-Nursing Techniques
Certain external and dietary aids can support the goal of reducing lactation alongside adjusting the milk removal schedule. Wearing a supportive, well-fitting bra, such as a comfortable sports bra, helps manage fullness and provides gentle compression. The outdated practice of binding the breasts with wraps or tight bandages is not recommended, as excessive pressure increases the risk of developing a blocked milk duct.
Applying cold compresses or ice packs to the breasts for 15 to 20 minutes several times a day helps reduce swelling and inflammation. Chilled green cabbage leaves placed inside the bra are a popular traditional remedy that provides a soothing, cool sensation. While the exact mechanism for how cabbage leaves reduce supply is not fully understood, they should be changed frequently.
Certain herbs are traditionally associated with lactation inhibition, primarily sage and peppermint. Sage is often consumed as a tea or in capsule form, while peppermint is used in strong mints or concentrated tea to help decrease milk production. Because herbs can have a potent effect, particularly in concentrated forms, they should be used with caution and in moderation.
Specific medications can also reduce milk supply, but their use requires medical supervision. Over-the-counter decongestants containing pseudoephedrine are known to decrease milk production as a side effect. Certain hormonal contraceptives, such as combined estrogen-progestin pills, can also impact supply. Any use of medication to suppress lactation must be discussed with a healthcare provider to weigh the benefits against potential side effects.
Coping with Physical Discomfort and Complications
Some physical discomfort is common during the supply reduction process, with engorgement being the most frequent symptom. When the breasts become hard and painful from fullness, minimal hand expression or brief pumping to soften the area is the primary relief strategy. The goal is to relieve tension without signaling the body to produce more milk, which would prolong the process.
Managing discomfort also involves preventing more serious complications like blocked milk ducts and mastitis. A blocked duct presents as a painful, hard lump in the breast tissue. Mastitis is a breast infection that includes redness, pain, fever, and flu-like symptoms. To prevent these issues, gentle massage of any lumpy areas toward the nipple can help clear the duct, and wearing non-restrictive clothing is beneficial.
For pain and inflammation management, over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medications like ibuprofen are safe and effective. These medications help reduce the swelling associated with engorgement and alleviate breast tenderness. If signs of a breast infection, such as fever or worsening redness, persist for more than 24 hours, contact a healthcare provider for an evaluation and potential treatment.