A small foreign body lodged in the foot, often referred to as a “sticker,” is a common injury, ranging from a splinter to a shard of glass or a thorn. These objects puncture the outer layer of skin (the epidermis) and can introduce bacteria deep into the tissue. Prompt and safe removal is necessary to prevent localized infection. Improper technique, such as squeezing the wound, risks breaking the object or pushing it deeper into the soft tissue of the foot.
Necessary Preparations and Supplies
Before attempting removal, thoroughly wash your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds to prevent contamination. The affected area of the foot should also be gently cleaned using soap and water to remove surface dirt and bacteria. Proper lighting is needed to accurately locate the foreign body, especially if it is transparent or darkly colored.
You must sterilize all instruments intended for use near the wound site. Tools such as tweezers or a sewing needle should be disinfected with a cotton ball soaked in 70% isopropyl alcohol and allowed to air dry completely. Alternatively, instruments may be sterilized by boiling them in water for several minutes. Completing these preparations minimizes the risk of introducing a secondary infection during the extraction process.
Removing Objects Close to the Surface
If the foreign body is visible and extends slightly beyond the skin’s surface, sterilized tweezers are the appropriate tool for removal. Grasp the exposed end of the object as close to the skin as possible without pinching the surrounding tissue. Pull the object out slowly and steadily, following the exact angle at which it entered the skin to ensure the entire piece is extracted. Pulling against the entry angle can cause the object to snap, leaving a fragment embedded beneath the surface.
For fine, shallow fragments that cannot be grasped with tweezers, alternative methods can be used. Applying a piece of strong adhesive tape, such as duct tape, directly over the entry point can lift the object upon removal. Gently press the tape down, then peel it back in a single, swift motion, ensuring the tape is pulled opposite to the direction of entry. Similarly, applying a layer of white glue over the area, allowing it to dry completely, and then peeling it off can adhere to and lift superficial slivers.
Addressing Deeply Embedded Foreign Bodies
When a foreign body is completely beneath the skin or has broken off, careful manipulation is required. This technique should only be attempted if the object is clearly visible just beneath the skin’s surface. A sterilized sewing needle can be used to gently uncover the embedded object. Use a magnifying glass and good light to locate the end of the foreign body closest to the entry point.
Use the tip of the sterilized needle to gently lift or scratch away the thin layer of overlying skin to expose the foreign body. The goal is to create a small opening without causing excessive trauma or bleeding. Once a portion of the object is visible, switch to sterilized tweezers to grasp the exposed end firmly. Pull the fragment out smoothly along the line of entry, inspecting the piece to confirm it is intact. Avoid probing or pushing the object deeper, as this increases tissue damage and complicates future removal.
Aftercare and Knowing When to Seek Medical Help
Immediately after the foreign body is successfully removed, re-clean the wound area thoroughly with soap and water. Applying an antiseptic solution or an antibiotic ointment, such as Neosporin, helps prevent bacterial growth in the open wound. Cover the site with a sterile bandage to protect it from further irritation and contamination while the skin heals.
Seek medical attention if the foreign body cannot be easily and completely removed at home within a few hours. Professional assistance is required if the object is deeply embedded, causes excessive bleeding, or is located near a joint or sensitive structure. Monitor the wound for signs of infection in the following days, including spreading redness, increased swelling, warmth, persistent pain, or the presence of pus or foul drainage. Individuals with compromised immune systems, such as those with diabetes, should consult a healthcare provider for any puncture wound on the foot.