Understanding Gum Recession and Its Causes
Gum recession occurs when the gum tissue surrounding the teeth pulls back, exposing more of the tooth or its root. This can lead to visible gaps between teeth, making them appear longer. Exposed root surfaces can cause increased tooth sensitivity to hot, cold, or sweet stimuli. If left unaddressed, it can increase the risk of tooth decay, infection, and potential tooth loss, as roots lack the protective enamel of the crown. This condition develops due to factors that compromise gum tissue and underlying bone.
Aggressive tooth brushing, using excessive force or a hard-bristled brush, can physically wear away gum tissue. Periodontal disease, a bacterial infection, destroys gum tissue and supporting bone. As the infection progresses, gums detach from teeth, creating pockets for bacteria, leading to further tissue and bone loss. Genetic predisposition also plays a role, as some individuals naturally have thinner or more fragile gum tissue, making them more susceptible.
Tobacco use harms gum health by reducing blood flow and impairing the immune system’s ability to fight infections, increasing the risk of periodontal disease and recession. Clenching or grinding teeth (bruxism) places excessive force on teeth and supporting structures, damaging gum tissue and bone. Misaligned teeth or an improper bite can also contribute, as some teeth bear more chewing force. Inadequate oral hygiene allows plaque and tartar to build up, irritating gums and triggering inflammation.
Professional Treatments for Addressing Gum Recession
Professional dental intervention is often required for gum recession, as gum tissue does not naturally grow back. Treatments aim to cover exposed root surfaces, reduce sensitivity, prevent further damage, and improve appearance. The specific approach depends on the recession’s extent and underlying causes.
Scaling and root planing is often the initial step, especially when periodontal disease contributes to recession. This deep cleaning removes plaque and tartar from above and below the gum line, smoothing root surfaces. It eliminates bacteria, reduces inflammation, and prepares the area for further treatment.
Gum grafting is a surgical procedure to cover exposed tooth roots and rebuild lost gum tissue. The most common type is the connective tissue graft, where tissue from beneath the palate’s surface is attached to the receded area. This provides a new gum layer over the root, restoring support and improving aesthetics.
A free gingival graft involves transplanting tissue directly from the palate’s surface to the receded site. This is often chosen for thin gums needing additional tissue or to prevent further recession. A pedicle graft involves partially cutting gum tissue from an adjacent tooth and rotating it to cover the exposed root. This procedure is suitable when sufficient gum tissue is nearby and maintains its original blood supply.
The Pinhole Surgical Technique (PST) is a less invasive alternative to traditional gum grafting. It involves making a small pinhole in the gum tissue above the affected tooth. Specialized instruments gently loosen and slide the gum tissue down to cover the exposed root. This technique typically involves no incisions or sutures, leading to faster, more comfortable recovery.
Orthodontic treatment may be recommended for recession caused by misaligned teeth. Moving teeth into proper positions redistributes biting forces, alleviating excessive pressure on gums. This realignment helps prevent further recession and can improve gum health around previously misaligned teeth.
Preventing Further Recession and Maintaining Gum Health
Preventing further gum recession and maintaining optimal gum health requires consistent daily practices and regular professional care. Proper brushing techniques are fundamental; use a soft-bristled toothbrush and brush gently in circular or short back-and-forth motions. Avoiding aggressive scrubbing prevents physical abrasion that leads to recession.
Regular dental check-ups and professional cleanings are important for maintaining gum health. These appointments allow dentists to monitor gum health, identify early recession or gum disease signs, and remove plaque and tartar buildup. Professional cleanings prevent the progression of gum inflammation that contributes to recession.
Flossing daily and using interdental cleaners remove food particles and plaque from between teeth and along the gum line. This consistent plaque removal prevents gum disease, a primary driver of recession. Addressing underlying causes is also important; managing bruxism with custom night guards protects teeth and gums. Discussing tobacco cessation and addressing misaligned teeth can mitigate significant risk factors. Maintaining a balanced diet contributes to overall oral health.