Tartar, known scientifically as dental calculus, is hardened dental plaque that accumulates on dentures. Plaque is a sticky film of bacteria, food particles, and saliva that mineralizes over time, turning into the hard, yellowish or brownish deposit called tartar. This hardened material cannot be removed by simple rinsing or soft brushing alone, requiring targeted chemical or mechanical methods. Allowing calculus to remain on dentures can lead to discoloration, bad odor, and irritation of the gum tissue, potentially leading to infections like stomatitis.
Effective At-Home Soaking Solutions
The most effective at-home methods for removing hardened tartar rely on chemical action to dissolve the mineralized deposits. These soaking solutions penetrate the rough surface of the calculus, breaking down its structure without the need for abrasive scrubbing. Using a non-abrasive soaking method is preferred because the acrylic material of dentures is softer than natural tooth enamel and can be easily scratched.
One widely used, non-commercial soaking solution involves white distilled vinegar, which contains acetic acid that helps dissolve mineral deposits. To prepare the solution, mix one part white vinegar with one part warm water, creating a 1:1 dilution ratio. The dentures should be fully submerged and allowed to soak for a minimum of 30 minutes. For a deeper clean, they can be left overnight, provided they do not have metal components that could be corroded by the acid. After soaking, thoroughly rinse the dentures under running water to remove any vinegar residue.
Commercial denture cleansers, often sold as effervescent tablets, provide another effective chemical approach. These tablets typically contain ingredients like citric acid and sodium bicarbonate, which react with water to produce a fizzing action. This effervescence creates micro-agitation that helps physically dislodge debris while chemical agents, such as alkaline peroxides, break down stains and calculus. Soaking time varies by product, but many are formulated to dissolve plaque and calculus within a few minutes to a few hours.
Daily Care and Mechanical Cleaning
While soaking solutions are excellent for dissolving hardened deposits, daily mechanical cleaning is necessary to prevent the initial formation of plaque and tartar. The first step in this routine involves rinsing the dentures immediately after eating to remove loose food particles and debris. This simple action minimizes the amount of material available for bacteria to convert into sticky plaque.
Following the rinse, the dentures should be brushed at least once daily, and ideally after every meal, using a specialized denture brush or a soft-bristled toothbrush. The physical action of brushing disrupts the sticky film of plaque before it hardens into calculus. Use a dedicated denture cleanser or mild soap rather than regular toothpaste.
Traditional toothpaste contains abrasive ingredients, such as silica or alumina, which can create microscopic scratches on the acrylic surface of the denture. These tiny abrasions then become rough areas where bacteria and new plaque can adhere more easily, accelerating the rate of tartar buildup. When brushing, focus on cleaning all surfaces, including the fitting surface that rests against the gums, to ensure the complete removal of the bacterial biofilm.
When to Seek Professional Assistance
Home methods are effective for early-stage or light tartar buildup, but if the calculus is extensive or severely calcified, professional intervention is necessary. If repeated soaking and mechanical cleaning do not remove the deposits, the tartar is likely too hard and tightly bonded to the denture material. A dentist or dental hygienist can safely remove this stubborn calculus using specialized tools, such as professional ultrasonic cleaners.
These clinical devices use high-frequency sound waves to create microscopic bubbles that implode against the denture surface, a process called cavitation. This effectively dislodges debris and hard tartar from crevices. This method is the safest way to remove heavily mineralized deposits without damaging the denture’s structure or fit. Have your dentures professionally inspected and cleaned regularly to ensure their longevity and correct fit.
Avoid using harsh, abrasive household cleaners like scouring powders, steel wool, or concentrated bleach solutions on dentures. These products can scratch or weaken the acrylic base, making it rougher and more susceptible to future plaque and tartar accumulation. Strong chemicals like bleach can also tarnish any metal components present in partial dentures.