Tartar, also known as calculus, is a hard, mineralized deposit that forms on dentures when routine cleaning does not fully remove the sticky film of plaque. This calcified plaque harbors bacteria, which can lead to bad breath and potential oral infections like denture stomatitis. Effective removal and consistent care are important for maintaining the hygiene and functional lifespan of your dental appliance.
Identifying Tartar and Understanding its Formation
Plaque is a soft biofilm composed of bacteria, food debris, and saliva that constantly forms on the surfaces of dentures. If this film is not removed through daily cleaning, it begins a hardening process within 24 to 72 hours. This mineralization occurs when calcium, magnesium, and other minerals present in saliva integrate into the plaque.
The resulting deposit is called tartar, a hard, rough, and porous substance that adheres strongly to the denture material. Tartar often appears as yellowish, brownish, or reddish deposits, commonly found near the gum line or around metal clasps on partial dentures. Because the surface of tartar is rough, it provides an ideal environment for more plaque to accumulate, leading to further buildup.
Effective Home Methods for Tartar Removal
Once plaque has hardened into tartar, simple brushing alone is insufficient to remove it effectively. Soaking the appliance in a mild acidic solution is a common method to help dissolve the mineralized deposits. This process softens the calculus, making it easier to remove with a gentle brushing action.
The white vinegar soak method is a widely accepted home remedy for full dentures without metal parts. Create a solution by mixing equal parts of warm water and white vinegar (a 1:1 ratio). Soaking the dentures overnight allows the acetic acid in the vinegar to work on the hardened tartar. For partial dentures containing metal clasps, limit the soak time to 15 to 30 minutes, as prolonged acid exposure can corrode the metal components. After soaking, gently brush the appliance with a soft-bristled denture brush and rinse thoroughly with running water.
Another option is creating a gentle abrasive paste using baking soda (sodium bicarbonate). Mix a small amount of baking soda with warm water until a thick paste forms. This paste can be applied to the denture and gently scrubbed with a soft brush to remove surface stains and loosened tartar without scratching the acrylic. Baking soda also helps neutralize odors.
Commercial denture cleaning tablets are also available for those who prefer a ready-made solution. These tablets create an effervescent solution that chemically breaks down plaque and tartar. Follow the manufacturer’s directions precisely for soaking time and always rinse the dentures completely before putting them back in your mouth. When cleaning, only use a brush specifically designed for dentures or a very soft toothbrush, as regular toothpaste is too abrasive and can create microscopic scratches in the acrylic where bacteria can collect.
Daily Care and Prevention Techniques
The most effective way to manage tartar is by preventing the initial plaque from hardening into calculus. This requires a consistent daily routine centered on mechanical cleaning and proper storage. Always remove your dentures and rinse them under warm running water after every meal to dislodge food particles.
Brushing should be performed at least once daily using a soft-bristled denture brush and a non-abrasive cleaner, such as mild hand soap or a specialized denture cleaning paste. This mechanical action removes the sticky biofilm before it has a chance to mineralize. Clean all surfaces, paying special attention to the areas that contact the gums and any clasps.
Give the oral tissues a rest and keep the appliance moist by removing the dentures before sleeping. When not in use, dentures must be stored in either plain water or a mild soaking solution to prevent drying out and warping, which can compromise the fit. Never use hot or boiling water for cleaning or storage, as high temperatures can permanently distort the acrylic material.
When Professional Intervention is Required
While home methods are effective for routine maintenance and light to moderate buildup, there are limits to what can be safely accomplished at home. If the tartar buildup is extensive, extremely calcified, or has been present for a long time, it may be too stubborn for household solutions to fully remove.
A dentist or denturist should be consulted for a professional cleaning. Dental professionals have specialized tools, such as ultrasonic cleaners, which use high-frequency vibrations to safely remove hardened calculus without damaging the denture material. They can also inspect the appliance for damage, cracks, or wear that may be harboring bacteria. Never attempt to scrape off hard tartar yourself using sharp objects, as this can easily scratch and compromise the denture surface, creating new sites for bacterial growth.