Medical tape is necessary for wound care, creating a strong bond to hold dressings and medical devices securely. However, this strong adhesion often makes removal difficult and painful, risking a skin injury known as Medical Adhesive-Related Skin Injury (MARSI). MARSI involves skin stripping, which is the mechanical removal of the outer layer of skin cells (epidermis) along with the tape, leading to redness, irritation, or small tears. Safe removal requires understanding the proper mechanical technique and utilizing aids to chemically weaken the adhesive bond.
Proper Technique for Minimizing Skin Trauma
The most effective physical technique for removing medical tape is the “low and slow” method, which minimizes the sheer force applied to the delicate epidermis. Instead of pulling the tape straight up, peel it back over itself, keeping the tape parallel to the skin’s surface at a 180-degree angle. This motion reduces the tension on the skin, which is the main cause of mechanical trauma and skin stripping.
Use counter-tension to protect the skin, especially in areas with hair or on individuals with fragile skin. Stabilize the skin adjacent to the tape’s edge with one hand or finger as you pull the tape with the other. Pulling the tape in the direction of hair growth will significantly reduce the discomfort caused by pulling on hair follicles. For very sensitive or thin skin, such as in the elderly or infants, slightly moistening the tape’s edge can help the adhesive release more gently.
Household Aids to Dissolve Adhesive
A variety of common household substances can dissolve or weaken the adhesive bond, making removal nearly painless. Oil-based products, such as baby oil, olive oil, coconut oil, or petroleum jelly, work by dissolving the adhesive components. The oil’s non-polar molecules penetrate the bond between the adhesive and the skin, causing the tape to lift away easily.
To use an oil-based aid, saturate a cotton swab or the edge of the tape with the oil and let it sit for several minutes to allow full penetration of the adhesive. For particularly stubborn tape, petroleum jelly can be applied thickly and left on for five to ten minutes. Warm water and mild soap are also effective, particularly for water-soluble adhesives or paper tapes, as the warmth can make the adhesive more pliable.
For heavy-duty tapes, solvents like rubbing alcohol (isopropyl alcohol) or acetone (found in some nail polish removers) can break down certain adhesives. These solvents should be used with caution because they can dry out and irritate the skin, especially if the skin is broken or sensitive. Commercial, medical-grade adhesive removers, often silicone-based, are also available. These are generally the safest and most effective option, as they are designed to evaporate quickly and leave no residue.
Post-Removal Skin Care and Residue Management
Once the medical tape is removed, the skin should be assessed for any signs of irritation or residue. If a sticky residue remains, it can often be removed using the same oil-based products used for tape removal. Apply a small amount of oil, let it sit briefly, and then gently wipe the area with a clean cloth or cotton ball.
After removing any residual adhesive, the area should be gently cleaned with mild soap and warm water. Pat the skin dry rather than rubbing it, as this removes any remaining oil or solvent residue that could cause further irritation. For skin that appears intact but slightly dry, a soothing, hypoallergenic moisturizer can be applied to rehydrate the epidermis.
If the skin shows signs of trauma, such as blistering, peeling, or significant redness, monitor the area closely. Redness that does not fade after 24 hours may indicate a more severe skin stripping injury that warrants medical attention.