A jaw dislocation occurs when the lower jawbone, known as the mandible, moves out of its proper alignment within the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). This joint connects the lower jaw to the skull and allows for various movements like chewing and speaking. When the jaw dislocates, these natural movements become impaired.
Recognizing a Dislocated Jaw
A dislocated jaw presents with distinct signs and symptoms that can help in its identification. Individuals often experience pain in the jaw joint or around the ear area, which may intensify with movement. A common indicator is difficulty or inability to close the mouth completely, with the jaw often appearing visibly shifted or lopsided to one side. This misalignment can also lead to an abnormal bite, where the upper and lower teeth do not meet as they usually would.
Difficulty speaking or swallowing and drooling can also occur. Jaw dislocations can result from everyday activities like yawning widely, laughing, or biting into a large piece of food. Trauma to the face, such as from accidents or sports injuries, can also cause a dislocated jaw. In some instances, underlying conditions like temporomandibular joint disorders or certain connective tissue syndromes can increase susceptibility to dislocations.
When Immediate Medical Care is Essential
Severe pain or significant swelling around the jaw indicates a need for prompt evaluation by a healthcare provider. If there is a complete inability to move the jaw, or if the dislocation is the result of substantial trauma, such as a fall or accident, seeking medical help is crucial to rule out other injuries like fractures.
It is also advisable to seek medical care if it is the first time the jaw has dislocated, as a medical professional can confirm the diagnosis and assess for any underlying predispositions. The presence of bleeding or open wounds near the jaw, or if the individual has pre-existing medical conditions that could complicate self-manipulation, are additional reasons to consult a doctor without delay. A medical professional can diagnose the issue, rule out fractures, and safely reposition the jaw, often using pain relief or muscle relaxants.
Attempting Self-Relocation
Self-relocation of a dislocated jaw should only be considered in specific, limited circumstances, primarily for individuals with a history of recurrent dislocations that have previously been diagnosed and reduced by a medical professional. Consulting a doctor before attempting any self-relocation is always recommended.
Preparing for self-relocation involves trying to relax the jaw muscles, which can be achieved through deep breathing exercises or applying a warm compress to the jaw area. Sitting upright with the head supported, such as against a wall, can provide stability.
For the technique, position your thumbs on the lower molars, wrapping your fingers around the chin and jawline. Gently apply steady, downward pressure on the molars, then slowly guide the jaw backward and upward. A distinct “pop” sensation often indicates the jaw has returned to its proper position, followed by immediate relief.
It is important to avoid forceful or jerky movements, and never attempt to push the jaw directly back without the downward component, as this can cause further injury. If pain worsens, the jaw does not easily relocate, or any new symptoms develop, discontinue the attempt and seek professional medical help. Protecting your fingers with gauze if placing thumbs inside the mouth can also prevent accidental bites.
Aftercare and Preventing Recurrence
After relocation, proper aftercare is important for recovery and to minimize recurrence. Resting the jaw for several days is advisable, which includes avoiding wide opening movements like excessive yawning or shouting. Applying ice packs to the jaw area can help reduce swelling and discomfort. Consuming soft foods for a few days can help rest the temporomandibular joint while it heals. Over-the-counter pain relievers can manage any residual pain.
To prevent recurrence, individuals should be mindful of activities that overextend the jaw; for instance, supporting the chin with a fist when yawning or sneezing can help limit mouth opening. Addressing teeth grinding or clenching (bruxism), possibly with a night guard, can also reduce strain on the jaw. For chronic or recurring dislocations, seeking medical advice for long-term solutions, such as physical therapy to strengthen jaw muscles or specialized splints, is often recommended. Regular follow-up with a doctor is also important, particularly after an initial dislocation, to monitor healing and discuss preventive measures.