A ureteral stent is a thin, flexible tube temporarily placed inside the ureter, the duct that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder. The device serves to bypass an obstruction, most commonly caused by kidney stones, or to ensure the ureter remains open following a surgical procedure. It allows urine to drain freely, preventing a backup of fluid that could damage the kidney. While the stent is a necessary medical intervention, discomfort or pain after its removal is common, though symptoms are typically short-lived.
Understanding the Source of Post-Removal Discomfort
The pain experienced after the stent is taken out is a physical reaction from the body’s urinary tract to the sudden change. One of the primary causes is a ureteral spasm, which is the involuntary contraction of the smooth muscle lining the ureter. The ureter, which is approximately 10 to 12 inches long, becomes accustomed to the stent’s presence holding it open, and its immediate absence can cause the tube to react by cramping.
Another significant source of discomfort is irritation of the bladder, which is highly sensitive. The coil of the ureteral stent rests directly in the bladder, and its prolonged contact can cause localized inflammation or sensitivity. Even after the stent is removed, this irritation can linger, leading to symptoms like urinary frequency, urgency, and a burning sensation during urination. This temporary hypersensitivity of the bladder wall often mimics the symptoms of a urinary tract infection, although it is usually sterile inflammation rather than an infection.
Immediate Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Relief
For pharmacological relief, over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen or a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) like ibuprofen can be effective. NSAIDs are particularly helpful as they target inflammation and muscle pain, which are components of the post-removal discomfort.
In cases where pain is more severe or involves significant bladder symptoms, a healthcare provider may prescribe medications. A common prescription is an antispasmodic medication, which works to relax the smooth muscles of the bladder and ureter, directly addressing the painful spasms. Doctors may also recommend an alpha-blocker, a class of drugs that helps to relax the muscles in the urinary tract, making it easier for urine to pass and reducing the potential for reflux-related pain.
Beyond medication, several non-pharmacological methods can provide soothing relief. Applying a heating pad to the lower back or lower abdomen can help relax the muscles of the urinary tract and ease cramping sensations. Warmth increases blood flow, which reduces muscle tension and discomfort. It is also important to prioritize rest and avoid strenuous activity, especially in the first 24 to 48 hours, as excessive movement can physically irritate the newly vacated ureter and worsen symptoms.
Optimizing Fluid Intake and Dietary Choices
Optimal fluid intake is an effective measure for reducing post-removal discomfort. Consuming a high volume of water helps to dilute the urine, which reduces the concentration of irritating substances that can aggravate the sensitive lining of the bladder and urethra. Drinking plenty of fluids also ensures a brisk flow of urine, which helps to gently flush the entire urinary tract, potentially removing any residual debris or microscopic blood clots.
Aiming for a daily fluid intake of at least two to three liters, or around 68 to 100 ounces, is generally recommended unless a physician advises otherwise. This consistent flushing action can significantly lessen the burning sensation and urgency that often follow the procedure. Conversely, certain beverages should be temporarily avoided as they act as bladder irritants that can intensify spasms and discomfort.
It is best to limit consumption of caffeinated drinks like coffee and tea, alcohol, and highly acidic juices, such as orange or grapefruit juice, for the first few days. These substances can stimulate the bladder muscle, increasing the frequency and intensity of the urge to urinate. Following the procedure, focus on a gentle, non-irritating diet for the initial 24 to 48 hours, favoring bland, easily digestible foods to minimize any gastrointestinal discomfort that might put pressure on the urinary system.
Recognizing Signs Requiring Medical Attention
While mild to moderate discomfort is expected after ureteral stent removal, it is important to distinguish normal post-procedure symptoms from signs of a complication. A persistent high fever is a warning sign that may indicate a developing infection and requires immediate medical evaluation.
Any pain that is severe, unrelenting, or cannot be managed with the prescribed or recommended pain medication should also prompt a call to your healthcare provider. This may include flank pain, which is pain in the side or back, often indicating a problem with the kidney’s drainage. An inability to urinate, known as acute urinary retention, is a medical emergency that demands immediate attention.
Finally, while some light pink or blood-tinged urine is common for a few days, watch for significant or heavy bleeding. This includes bright red blood, large blood clots, or urine that looks opaque like dark fruit punch, as these signs suggest a more serious issue that requires prompt medical assessment.