Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) is a common viral illness, frequently affecting young children, though adults can also contract it. It typically presents with a rash and blisters on the hands, feet, and sometimes in the mouth. While generally mild, the itching associated with the rash can be a significant source of discomfort. This article provides strategies for managing HFMD itching.
Understanding the Itch
HFMD is caused by viruses, most commonly coxsackievirus A16, which trigger the body’s immune response. This response leads to the characteristic rash, appearing as small red bumps or fluid-filled blisters on the palms, soles, buttocks, elbows, or knees. While some individuals may not experience itching, for others, these skin manifestations can be quite itchy. Itching arises from inflammatory processes in the skin as the body fights the viral infection.
At-Home Relief Methods
Managing HFMD itching often begins with simple home approaches. Lukewarm or cool baths can provide soothing relief for irritated skin. Adding colloidal oatmeal to bathwater creates a calming soak that can reduce itching and inflammation. After bathing, gently pat the skin dry rather than rubbing, to avoid further irritation.
Applying cool compresses directly to itchy areas can alleviate discomfort. Soak a clean cloth in cool water, wring out the excess, and place it on the affected skin for about 20 minutes. Maintaining good skin hygiene is important; keeping the skin clean and dry helps prevent secondary infections. If blisters break open, clean the area gently with mild soap and water.
To minimize irritation, dress in loose-fitting, breathable clothing, allowing air circulation around the rash. Preventing scratching is important to avoid breaking the skin and potentially introducing bacteria. Keeping nails trimmed short can reduce skin damage if scratching occurs. Offering cold fluids and soft foods can soothe painful mouth sores, which often accompany the rash, improving comfort. Avoiding acidic, spicy, or salty foods can prevent further irritation to oral lesions.
Over-the-Counter Topical Treatments
Several over-the-counter (OTC) products can be applied topically to relieve HFMD itching. Calamine lotion, a traditional remedy, can soothe the skin and reduce itchiness. Hydrocortisone cream, a 1% formulation available without a prescription, can also reduce inflammation and itching when applied to the affected skin.
Oral antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine (found in products like Benadryl), can reduce itching by blocking histamine, a chemical involved in itching. These medications can cause drowsiness. Always follow dosage instructions and consult a healthcare provider or pharmacist before using any OTC treatments, especially for young children, to ensure safe and appropriate use.
When Professional Help is Needed
While HFMD is usually a mild illness that resolves on its own, certain signs indicate medical attention is necessary. Seek professional help if there are signs of dehydration, such as dry lips, a dry or sticky mouth, sunken eyes, or significantly reduced urination (fewer wet diapers in infants). A high or persistent fever, particularly one lasting longer than three days or exceeding 102°F (38.9°C), warrants medical evaluation.
If mouth sore pain prevents adequate eating or drinking, or if the child refuses fluids, consult a doctor. Watch for signs of a secondary skin infection, including increased redness, warmth, swelling, or pus around blisters. Medical advice is also important if the child’s condition worsens, symptoms do not improve after 7 to 10 days, or if the child is very young (under six months) or has a weakened immune system. Other concerning symptoms, such as neck stiffness, extreme lethargy, chest pain, or difficulty breathing, should prompt immediate medical attention.