An endoscopy, such as an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), is a common procedure used to examine the upper digestive tract. The most frequent side effect is a sensation of fullness, bloating, and gas pain. This discomfort is a normal, temporary result of the process and generally resolves within a few hours.
The Source of Post-Procedure Discomfort
Gas and bloating stem from the insufflation technique required to perform the examination. During the procedure, the physician must introduce gas into the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum to gently expand the walls of these organs. This expansion allows the endoscope’s camera to capture clear images of the tissue lining.
The gas used for insufflation is either room air or carbon dioxide (CO2). If room air is used, the trapped nitrogen component is poorly absorbed by the intestinal lining, leading to more pronounced bloating and cramping. CO2 is absorbed by the body approximately 160 times faster than nitrogen, meaning it dissipates into the bloodstream and is expelled through the lungs quickly. Even with CO2, some residual gas remains and must be released, causing the gassy sensation.
Movement and Positional Relief Techniques
The most effective strategy to relieve trapped gas is gentle, consistent movement. Engaging in light activity, such as short walks, helps encourage the gas to move through the digestive system. Movement stimulates peristalsis, the muscle contractions that push gas through the intestines.
Positional changes can also provide relief from cramping and bloating. Lying on your side or curling into a fetal position can allow the trapped gas to be expelled more easily. Applying a heating pad set to a low temperature on the abdomen helps relax the intestinal muscles. This muscle relaxation eases painful spasms associated with gas and facilitates its passage.
Dietary and Pharmacological Interventions
Over-the-counter medications are effective in managing residual gas. Simethicone, commonly found in products like Gas-X or Mylicon, is a non-systemic surfactant that works directly in the gut. This compound decreases the surface tension of gas bubbles, causing them to merge into larger pockets. These larger gas pockets are then more easily eliminated through belching or flatulence.
Dietary choices following the procedure should minimize further gas production and irritation. Start with clear liquids and gradually advance to light, easily digestible foods once you feel ready. Avoid foods known to produce excessive gas for the first 24 hours, such as beans, carbonated beverages, and cruciferous vegetables like broccoli. Eating slowly also helps, as consuming food too quickly can cause you to swallow additional air, exacerbating bloating.
Warning Signs and When to Contact a Doctor
While gas pain and mild discomfort are expected, monitor for symptoms that may indicate a complication. Immediately contact your healthcare provider if you experience abdominal pain that becomes severe, sharp, or progressively worsens, especially if not relieved by passing gas. A persistent fever or chills after the procedure also require urgent medical attention.
Seek immediate care if you experience vomiting, particularly if the vomit contains blood or appears dark like coffee grounds. Other concerning signs include difficulty swallowing that does not improve, chest pain persisting for more than 24 hours, or bloody or black, tarry stools. These symptoms are not normal side effects and require prompt assessment by a physician.