Ear pressure is a common and uncomfortable symptom reported by individuals experiencing COVID-19. This sensation can range from mild fullness to intense blockage, impacting daily comfort. This article provides information on understanding and alleviating this discomfort, offering practical strategies for managing ear pressure associated with a COVID-19 infection.
Why COVID Causes Ear Pressure
Ear pressure during a COVID-19 infection stems from the body’s inflammatory response to the virus. When the respiratory system becomes inflamed, it impacts the Eustachian tubes, narrow passages connecting the middle ear to the back of the throat. These tubes equalize pressure and drain fluid from the middle ear.
Inflammation and congestion in the nasal passages and throat, common with COVID-19, can cause the Eustachian tubes to swell or block. This obstruction prevents air exchange, leading to a pressure imbalance within the middle ear. Fluid can also accumulate behind the eardrum when the tubes are not functioning correctly, contributing to the sensation of fullness or pressure.
Immediate Relief Methods
Several strategies can alleviate ear pressure. These methods encourage the Eustachian tubes to open and equalize pressure.
The Valsalva maneuver involves gently exhaling with your mouth and nose closed. This creates pressure that helps open the Eustachian tubes, equalizing middle ear pressure. Perform this maneuver gently to avoid strain on the eardrum.
Chewing gum or yawning can also encourage the Eustachian tubes to open. The muscles involved activate muscles surrounding the tubes, promoting their function. Consistent chewing or yawning may provide ongoing relief.
Applying a warm compress to the ear can soothe discomfort and promote drainage. The warmth may encourage blood flow and reduce localized swelling. Steam inhalation can moisten nasal passages and the throat, reducing congestion that contributes to Eustachian tube blockage. Inhaling steam from a bowl of warm water with your head covered by a towel can be beneficial; ensure the water is not too hot to avoid burns.
Over-the-counter options include oral decongestants, which reduce swelling in the nasal passages and Eustachian tubes. These medications constrict blood vessels, opening blocked airways. Nasal decongestant sprays deliver medication directly to the nasal lining for quick swelling reduction. However, nasal sprays should be used cautiously for only a few days to prevent rebound congestion, where congestion worsens after discontinuing the spray.
Antihistamines can reduce histamine-related inflammation if allergies contribute to congestion. Common pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can also manage ear pain or general discomfort. Always follow dosage instructions on product labels.
When to Seek Medical Help
While many cases of ear pressure from COVID-19 resolve with home care, certain symptoms warrant medical attention. Persistent or worsening ear pain, especially if severe, should prompt a consultation with a healthcare professional. This could indicate a developing secondary ear infection, requiring specific treatment.
New or significant hearing loss accompanying ear pressure is another sign medical evaluation is needed. Any ear discharge, such as fluid or pus, indicates a potential infection or complication needing prompt diagnosis. Severe dizziness or vertigo, particularly if it interferes with balance, suggests a deeper issue beyond simple pressure.
Signs of an ear infection, such as fever, redness, or swelling around the ear, also warrant a doctor’s visit. If ear pressure and associated symptoms do not improve after several days of consistent home treatment, seek medical advice. A healthcare provider can diagnose the cause of persistent symptoms and rule out complications like middle ear infection (otitis media) or barotrauma (tissue damage from pressure differences).