Strep throat, a bacterial infection, often causes discomfort, particularly a sore throat. Understanding effective strategies for managing its symptoms can help alleviate the associated discomfort.
Why Strep Throat Causes Swelling
Strep throat is caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, also known as Group A Streptococcus. When these bacteria infect the throat and tonsils, the body’s immune system activates a response, releasing inflammatory substances.
This inflammation causes throat tissues, including the tonsils, to become red and swollen. Lymph nodes in the neck may also enlarge and become tender as they filter the infection. This immune reaction, while a defense mechanism, directly contributes to the swelling.
At-Home Swelling Relief
While medical treatment is necessary for strep throat, several home remedies and over-the-counter options can provide comfort and reduce throat swelling.
Gargling with warm salt water can help soothe the throat and reduce inflammation. A mixture of about one-quarter to one-half teaspoon of salt in eight ounces of warm water is commonly recommended; spit it out after gargling.
Staying well-hydrated is important, as drinking plenty of fluids helps keep the throat moist, easing swallowing discomfort. Warm liquids like tea or cool options such as popsicles and ice chips can be particularly soothing. Avoid acidic beverages like citrus juices to prevent further irritation.
Consuming soft, easily digestible foods, such as soups, applesauce, mashed potatoes, or smoothies, helps minimize irritation. Avoid dry, spicy, or highly acidic foods. Throat lozenges or hard candies can stimulate saliva production, offering temporary relief. For children over 12 months, a spoonful of honey can also soothe a sore throat.
Using a cool-mist humidifier adds moisture to the air, preventing the throat from becoming drier and more irritated. Sitting in a steamy bathroom can provide a similar effect.
Over-the-counter pain relievers can help manage pain and reduce fever. Ibuprofen, an anti-inflammatory medication, can reduce swelling and pain; for adults, a common dose is 400 mg every 4-6 hours. Acetaminophen primarily reduces pain and fever; for adults, a common dose is 650 mg every 4-6 hours. For children, the appropriate dosage for both ibuprofen and acetaminophen depends on their weight and age, and it is best to consult a healthcare professional for specific recommendations. These medications provide symptomatic relief but do not treat the underlying bacterial infection.
When to Seek Medical Care and Treatment
Strep throat requires medical attention because it is a bacterial infection that necessitates antibiotic treatment to prevent serious complications. If left untreated, the bacteria can spread to other parts of the body, potentially leading to conditions such as rheumatic fever, which can affect the heart, or kidney inflammation. Abscesses around the tonsils or ear and sinus infections are also potential complications of untreated strep throat.
A healthcare provider can diagnose strep throat through a rapid strep test or a throat culture. If the test is positive, antibiotics like penicillin or amoxicillin are commonly prescribed to eliminate the bacteria. For individuals with penicillin allergies, other antibiotics such as azithromycin or cephalexin may be prescribed.
It is important to complete the entire course of antibiotics, typically around 10 days, even if symptoms begin to improve within 24 to 48 hours. Stopping antibiotics early can lead to the infection returning or increase the risk of complications.
Medical attention is advised if a sore throat lasts longer than 48 hours, is accompanied by a fever, rash, or difficulty swallowing. Immediate medical attention is necessary for severe symptoms such as difficulty breathing, severe pain, inability to fully open the mouth, or signs of dehydration.