A colonoscopy report details findings from an examination of your large intestine, offering insights into digestive health. This article clarifies information found in such reports but does not replace professional medical advice.
Understanding the Report Structure
A typical colonoscopy report begins with administrative details. This section includes patient demographics and procedural information like the date, endoscopist, and sedation type.
The report then describes the procedure, noting the extent of the examination. The “Findings” section records observations inside your colon, detailing any abnormalities. The report concludes with an “Impression” or “Conclusion,” summarizing key findings and recommending follow-up care.
Key Terms and What They Mean
A common finding is a “polyp,” a small growth of tissue on the large intestine’s lining. These growths vary in type and significance.
An “adenoma” (adenomatous polyp) is a precancerous growth from glandular tissue. While benign, adenomas can develop into colorectal cancer. In contrast, a “hyperplastic polyp” is generally benign with a very low cancer risk.
Polyps are described by their shape: “sessile” polyps are dome-shaped and grow flat against the colon wall, while “pedunculated” polyps are attached by a narrow stalk. “Diverticulosis” refers to small, bulging pouches or sacs that form in the inner wall of the intestine, most often in the large intestine. These pouches usually do not cause symptoms.
“Inflammation” or “colitis” indicates swelling of the large intestine, which can stem from various causes, including infections or inflammatory bowel diseases. A report might also state “normal mucosa,” meaning the lining of the colon appeared healthy.
When tissue is removed for further analysis, it is called a “biopsy.” The collected tissue samples are then sent for microscopic examination, and the results are detailed in a “pathology report,” which provides a definitive diagnosis.
Interpreting Common Findings
A report indicating “normal mucosa” or “no significant findings” means that the colon appeared healthy during the procedure, signifying a favorable outcome. This typically means no immediate concerns were identified that require further intervention.
Benign findings, such as hyperplastic polyps, are usually not a cause for alarm. These small growths rarely progress to cancer. Diverticulosis, characterized by small pouches in the colon wall, is also a common benign condition that often causes no symptoms.
Precancerous findings, most notably adenomatous polyps, require careful attention. These polyps are classified into types like tubular, villous, or tubulovillous adenomas. Villous adenomas have a higher likelihood of containing cancerous cells compared to tubular adenomas. The size and number of adenomas also influence the risk; polyps larger than 1 centimeter are associated with an increased risk of cancer. When adenomas are found, they are typically removed during the colonoscopy to prevent potential progression to cancer.
If the report mentions “carcinoma,” it indicates that cancerous cells were detected. This finding necessitates immediate further action, which may involve additional diagnostic tests or treatment planning. Inflammatory findings, such as colitis, suggest swelling in the colon lining. The cause of colitis can vary, and its management depends on the specific underlying condition. The definitive diagnosis for any biopsied tissue is provided by the pathology report.
Next Steps After Receiving Results
After receiving your colonoscopy report, discussing the findings with your healthcare provider is important. Your performing physician or a gastroenterologist can offer a complete explanation of the results and provide personalized advice. This consultation allows for clarification of any terms or implications that may be unclear.
The report often includes specific recommendations for future screenings. These follow-up colonoscopies are tailored to your individual risk profile, determined by the types, sizes, and numbers of polyps found. Adhering to these recommended intervals is important for ongoing monitoring and early detection of any new developments.
Certain findings, such as diverticulosis or inflammatory conditions, may prompt discussions about lifestyle adjustments. Dietary changes, increased fiber intake, or other lifestyle modifications can help manage symptoms or reduce the likelihood of complications. If any questions or confusion arise after reviewing your report, contacting your doctor’s office for further clarification is always a reasonable step.