A nebulizer is a medical device designed to convert liquid medication into a fine aerosol mist. This process allows respiratory medications to be inhaled directly into the lungs, where they can act quickly on the airways. The device generates particles typically between 1 to 5 micrometers, which is the size needed to reach the lower respiratory tract. Properly assembling and using the kit ensures the most effective delivery of the prescribed treatment.
Identifying the Components
Before beginning assembly, identify the main components of the nebulizer system. The largest piece is the compressor unit, an electrical pump that generates the pressurized airflow needed for aerosolization. The air tubing is a length of flexible plastic that transmits the air pressure from the compressor to the medication cup.
The medication cup is the small reservoir where the liquid drug is placed and where aerosolization occurs. The final major component is the delivery interface, which is either a contoured mouthpiece or a soft face mask used by the patient to capture and inhale the mist.
Step-by-Step Assembly
Begin assembly by placing the compressor unit on a stable, flat surface near an electrical outlet. Locate the small air outlet port on the compressor, which accepts the tubing connector securely. Firmly push one end of the air tubing onto this port, ensuring the connection is secure to prevent air leakage and pressure loss during operation.
Next, attach the other end of the air tubing to the base of the medication cup. This connection point is typically a small, tapered nozzle projecting from the cup assembly. The tubing must slide snugly over this nozzle to maintain the pressure required for optimal aerosol generation.
Confirm that the compressor’s air filter is clean and positioned correctly, as a blocked filter reduces airflow. A secure connection ensures the maximum air pressure is delivered to efficiently convert the liquid drug into breathable particles.
Preparing for Treatment
With the cup assembled and connected to the tubing, add the prescribed dose of medication. Carefully twist open the cap of the medication cup and pour the liquid drug, often a bronchodilator or corticosteroid, directly into the reservoir. Always measure the exact volume prescribed by a healthcare professional, which is typically the drug mixed with sterile saline solution to reach the required fill volume.
Securely twist the cap back onto the cup to prevent spills and maintain the internal pressure necessary for aerosol formation. Then, attach the chosen delivery interface—either the mouthpiece or the face mask—to the top of the medication cup assembly, ensuring it snaps into place.
Finally, plug the compressor into the electrical outlet and switch the unit on, which will immediately begin generating the mist. If using a mouthpiece, the patient should seal their lips tightly around the opening and breathe slowly and deeply to maximize drug intake into the lower airways. If using a face mask, ensure it is secured snugly over the nose and mouth to minimize the escape of the aerosol.
Post-Treatment Care
After the treatment is complete, turn off and unplug the compressor unit. Disconnect the tubing and take apart the medication cup, mouthpiece, or mask components, as these parts are reusable. Immediately rinse these reusable pieces thoroughly under warm running water for at least 30 seconds to remove residual medication and reduce the risk of microbial biofilm formation.
Shake off excess water and allow all rinsed components to air-dry completely. Lay the pieces out on a clean paper towel or a dedicated drying rack, avoiding damp or enclosed spaces. Once dry, store the disassembled components in a clean, dust-free container until the next use, ensuring the compressor unit is also covered to protect it from dust and debris.