Support hose, also known as compression stockings, apply graduated pressure to the legs. This pressure is strongest at the ankle and gradually decreases as the garment moves up the leg toward the knee or thigh. This aids the veins in pushing blood back toward the heart against gravity. When worn correctly, compression stockings reduce the risk of blood pooling, which helps minimize swelling, lessen leg fatigue, and lower the potential for complications like deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Because these garments must fit snugly for therapeutic effect, a precise application technique is needed. Incorrect placement can lead to bunching or twisting, which may restrict circulation rather than aid it.
Preparation Steps Before Application
The process of putting on support hose begins with timing and skin preparation. Apply the stockings first thing in the morning when the legs have the least amount of swelling. Wearing the hose before getting out of bed ensures the limb size is at its smallest, making the task easier to manage.
Before application, the skin must be completely dry, as moisture increases friction and makes the stocking difficult to slide up the leg. Avoid heavy oils, lotions, or creams immediately before application. Inspect both your hands and the hose itself for any potential hazards.
Any sharp edges, like rough fingernails, jagged toenails, or jewelry, should be smoothed or removed to prevent snagging or tearing the delicate material. A small tear can compromise the integrity of the compression gradient, reducing the garment’s effectiveness.
Step-by-Step Guide to Proper Application
The most effective technique involves turning the stocking inside out down to the heel pocket. Reach inside the stocking and grasp the material at the heel, then pull the upper part of the hose down over your hand. This leaves the foot portion ready to receive the foot while the rest of the material is gathered outside-in.
Carefully slide your foot into the foot portion, ensuring the heel of your foot perfectly aligns with the heel pocket. Correct alignment ensures the compression zones will be distributed as intended. Once the foot is securely positioned, begin to roll and unroll the gathered material up the leg in small increments.
Use the palms of your hands or your fingertips to smooth the fabric up the leg rather than pulling vigorously on the top edge. Pulling hard can overstretch the material, damaging the elastic fibers and reducing the compression strength. Continue slowly until the top band is positioned two fingers’ width below the bend of the knee or thigh.
The final step is to systematically smooth out every wrinkle or fold along the entire length of the stocking. Wrinkles cause localized areas of intense pressure that can hinder circulation and cause skin irritation. The finished hose should lie flat against the skin with the pressure feeling firm but evenly distributed.
Making Application Easier: Tips and Tools
Specialized tools and techniques reduce the physical effort and dexterity required to put on tight compression garments. One common aid is a donning device, such as a long-handled, rigid frame or a flexible plastic sleeve. These devices hold the stocking open, allowing the foot and heel to slide into the garment easily without excessive bending or straining.
Another effective tool is a pair of specialized rubber or grip gloves, often sold by compression stocking manufacturers. These gloves provide a better grip on the slippery synthetic material, making it easier to pull the hose up the leg and smooth out wrinkles without damaging the fabric with fingernails.
For high-compression garments, a thin plastic liner or cornstarch powder can be applied to the skin to reduce friction. This lubrication allows the stocking to glide more easily over the skin, especially across the heel and ankle. Sitting down during the application process, perhaps with the foot elevated slightly on a low stool, helps maintain balance and conserves energy.