An arm sling is a medical device designed to provide support and immobilization for an injured arm, wrist, or shoulder. The primary function of the sling is to hold the limb in a fixed, comfortable position, which minimizes movement and strain on the affected structures. By preventing accidental motions, the sling helps ensure that soft tissues or fractured bones can heal without disruption.
Applying the Arm Sling: Step-by-Step
Before applying the sling, gently support the injured arm with your uninjured hand, keeping the elbow bent at approximately a 90-degree angle. This supported position helps manage pain and tension while you prepare the sling material. Open the sling pocket and position it so the elbow of the injured arm can slide completely and snugly into the closed corner of the fabric.
The elbow must be firmly seated in the deepest part of the sling’s corner to ensure the forearm is fully cradled and supported along its entire length. Allowing the elbow to protrude is a common error, which places undue stress on the shoulder joint and reduces immobilization. With the elbow correctly seated, bring the strap of the sling up and over the shoulder on the uninjured side of the body.
The strap must then be secured to the sling pocket, typically using a buckle or a hook-and-loop fastener near the hand of the injured arm. When fastening the strap, ensure your hand and forearm are positioned across your chest, parallel to the floor or slightly elevated. The goal is to have the strap comfortably firm enough to support the weight of the arm without causing pressure points or discomfort.
Once the main strap is secured, a separate waist strap or body belt, if included, should be wrapped around the back and across the waist to attach to the front of the sling. This strap holds the arm securely against the torso, preventing it from swinging outward or rotating. This restraint is helpful for injuries requiring shoulder immobilization, such as fractures or post-surgical recovery.
Adjusting for Optimal Fit
Achieving the correct final adjustment maximizes both healing and comfort. A principle of proper sling fit is maintaining the elbow at a 90-degree angle, which places the forearm in a neutral, relaxed position. If the elbow is too straight, the arm will hang too low, straining the shoulder and wrist.
The forearm should be positioned horizontally or with the hand slightly elevated above the elbow. This elevation encourages fluid return and helps prevent swelling in the hand and fingers. The wrist must be completely supported by the sling fabric, which should extend to the base of the fingers.
The fingers should remain visible and free from the sling material. The padded part of the neck strap should be centered over the collarbone or shoulder, not directly on the neck, to distribute the load and prevent skin irritation. If the strap causes chafing, extra padding can be placed beneath it for comfort.
Daily Life and Hygiene While Wearing a Sling
Managing daily activities while wearing a sling requires minor modifications for independence and hygiene. When dressing, wear loose-fitting, front-opening garments, such as shirts with buttons or zippers. Always place the injured arm into the sleeve first, using the uninjured arm to gently guide the fabric over the shoulder.
To undress, reverse the process: remove the garment from the uninjured arm first, then carefully peel the sleeve off the injured arm. For bathing or showering, only temporarily remove the sling if directed by a healthcare provider. During washing, keep the injured arm close to the body and avoid lifting or swinging movements.
Keep the skin clean and dry underneath the sling to prevent irritation and moisture buildup, especially in the armpit area. For sleeping, wearing the sling is advised to prevent unconscious movement of the injured limb. It is often more comfortable to sleep on your back or on the uninjured side, using pillows to prop the injured arm for support.
Recognizing Complications and Warning Signs
While a properly fitted sling aids recovery, certain signs indicate a potential complication requiring professional attention. Persistent or worsening pain after application suggests the device may be incorrectly positioned or the underlying injury is aggravated. A sling that is too tight can restrict blood flow and nerve function, manifesting as specific sensory changes.
Immediately check for signs of poor circulation, such as the fingers or hand becoming cold, white, or blue. Persistent numbness, a pins-and-needles feeling, or tingling in the fingers suggests nerve compression requiring immediate adjustment. Swelling in the hand or fingers that does not decrease with rest and elevation indicates the support is compromising fluid return.
If you notice these changes, loosen the sling slightly. If symptoms do not resolve quickly, seek medical advice. Ignoring these warning signs can lead to serious issues, such as nerve damage or tissue injury, complicating recovery. Follow-up with a healthcare professional is necessary if you cannot achieve a comfortable and supportive fit.