Eye drops are a common and effective way to deliver medication directly to the eye, treating a range of conditions from infections and allergies to dry eye and glaucoma. For these medications to work as intended, proper application technique is important. Mastering the correct method ensures the medication reaches its target efficiently, maximizing its therapeutic benefits.
Understanding the Conjunctival Sac
The conjunctival sac is a small, natural pocket formed by the transparent mucous membrane known as the conjunctiva. This membrane lines the inner surface of your eyelids and folds back to cover the white part of your eyeball, excluding the cornea. The space created between the pulled-down lower eyelid and the eyeball is this conjunctival sac. It is the ideal location for eye drop application because it can comfortably hold a small volume of fluid, allowing the medication to be absorbed effectively into the eye’s surface. This ensures the medication is retained on the ocular surface, rather than simply running off.
Essential Preparation Before Application
Thorough preparation is important for successful eye drop application. Always wash your hands with soap and water before touching your eyes or the eye drop bottle to prevent infection, then dry them with a clean, lint-free towel. Examine the eye drop bottle to confirm it is the correct medication, check the expiration date, and note any specific instructions, such as shaking before use. If you wear contact lenses, remove them unless advised otherwise, and wait at least 15 minutes after applying drops before reinserting. Finding a comfortable, well-lit spot, such as sitting or lying down, can help stabilize your hand during the process.
Step-by-Step Eye Drop Application
Begin by tilting your head back, or lie flat on your back, to use gravity to your advantage. With one hand, gently pull down your lower eyelid to create a small pocket or “sac” between the eyelid and your eye. This action exposes the conjunctival sac, creating a target for the drop. With your other hand, hold the eye drop bottle directly over your eye, ensuring the dropper tip does not touch your eye, eyelid, or eyelashes to avoid contamination.
Gently squeeze the bottle to release a single drop into the created pocket. Only one drop is necessary, as the eye’s capacity is limited, and additional drops often overflow without providing extra benefit. After the drop lands, release your lower eyelid and gently close your eye for one to three minutes. Avoid squeezing your eyelids tightly or blinking excessively, as this can force the medication out of the eye prematurely.
To maximize the medication’s absorption and minimize systemic side effects, gently press a clean finger against the inner corner of your eye, near the bridge of your nose, for one to five minutes. This technique, known as nasolacrimal occlusion, temporarily blocks the tear drainage ducts, keeping the medication on the eye’s surface longer and preventing it from entering the bloodstream. If you need to apply more than one type of eye drop, wait three to five minutes between each medication to allow proper absorption and prevent the first drop from being washed away.
Aftercare and Troubleshooting Tips
After applying the eye drop, use a clean tissue to gently blot away any excess liquid that may have spilled onto your cheek or eyelids. Avoid rubbing your eye, as this can irritate the delicate eye tissues and potentially displace the medication. Securely replace the cap on the eye drop bottle immediately after use, ensuring you do not touch the dropper tip, which could contaminate the solution.
Some individuals may encounter challenges when applying eye drops, such as difficulty aiming, blinking excessively, or having trouble squeezing the bottle. If you frequently miss your eye, try lying down or using a mirror to guide your aim. For those with unsteady hands or difficulty squeezing, various assistive devices are available that can make the process easier. If you continue to experience significant difficulty, or if you notice any adverse reactions, consult your eye care professional for guidance and support.