Hemorrhoids are a common condition affecting veins in the lower rectum and anus, similar to varicose veins. They can cause discomfort, itching, and bleeding. This article focuses on understanding, reducing, and preventing prolapsed hemorrhoids, which protrude from the anus.
Understanding Prolapsed Hemorrhoids
A prolapsed hemorrhoid occurs when an internal hemorrhoid, normally inside the rectum, swells and bulges outside the anus. This protrusion is due to increased pressure on the rectum, often from straining during bowel movements, prolonged sitting on the toilet, or heavy lifting. You can often feel a soft lump around the anus if a hemorrhoid has prolapsed.
Hemorrhoids are classified using a grading system based on their degree of prolapse. Grade I hemorrhoids do not protrude, while Grade II hemorrhoids prolapse during straining but spontaneously retract. Grade III hemorrhoids prolapse and require manual reinsertion. Grade IV hemorrhoids are permanently prolapsed and cannot be pushed back in. Manual reduction is generally considered for Grade II and some Grade III cases.
How to Gently Reduce a Prolapsed Hemorrhoid
Manually reducing a prolapsed hemorrhoid involves gently returning the tissue to its normal position. Begin by washing your hands thoroughly with soap and warm water to minimize infection risk. It can be helpful to assume a comfortable position, such as lying on your side or squatting, which can relax the anal muscles.
Applying a small amount of lubricant, such as petroleum jelly, a local anesthetic cream, or witch hazel, to the prolapsed tissue can facilitate easier reinsertion and reduce friction. Gently apply steady, inward pressure on the hemorrhoid with a finger, aiming to push it back inside the anal canal. The pressure should be firm but not painful.
Stop immediately if you experience significant pain, increased bleeding, or if the hemorrhoid does not easily go back inside. This method is generally suitable for hemorrhoids that are not severely painful, have heavy bleeding, or appear dark purple or black. After successful reinsertion, remaining in a reclined position for a short period can help the hemorrhoid stay in place.
When Professional Medical Care is Necessary
While some prolapsed hemorrhoids can be managed at home, certain signs indicate the need for professional medical attention. You should consult a healthcare provider if you experience persistent or worsening pain, heavy or continuous bleeding, or any signs of infection such as fever or pus. Bleeding from the rectum should always be evaluated by a doctor to rule out other serious conditions, including colorectal cancer.
Immediate medical care is necessary if the prolapsed hemorrhoid appears dark purple or black, as this could signify strangulation, where the blood supply to the tissue is cut off. This condition can be extremely painful and lead to tissue damage.
If the hemorrhoid cannot be manually reduced, or if it is a first-time occurrence, seeking professional diagnosis and guidance is important. A medical professional can accurately assess the situation and recommend the appropriate treatment plan.
Preventing Hemorrhoid Prolapse
Long-term management and prevention of hemorrhoid prolapse involve adopting specific lifestyle changes that promote regular, soft bowel movements and reduce pressure in the anal area. Increasing dietary fiber intake is a primary step, as fiber adds bulk and softens stool, making it easier to pass without straining. Incorporate fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes daily.
Drinking plenty of fluids, especially water, throughout the day supports fiber in keeping stools soft and preventing constipation. Aim for at least 6 to 8 glasses daily. Avoiding prolonged sitting, particularly on the toilet, helps reduce pressure on the rectal veins. Regular physical activity aids in maintaining bowel regularity and preventing constipation.