Shoulder taping is a common technique used to provide external support, promote stability, and aid in pain management for the shoulder joint. This method utilizes either rigid athletic tape for maximum restriction and structural support, or elastic kinetic tape, which offers dynamic support and facilitates healing by gently lifting the skin. The goal is often to enhance proprioception—the body’s awareness of its joint position—or to mechanically limit motions that cause discomfort. Proper application is necessary to achieve the intended stabilizing or pain-relieving effects.
Preparing the Skin and Materials
Before beginning the taping process, gather all necessary supplies and ensure the application site is properly prepared for strong adhesion. You will need the specific type of tape required (non-elastic or flexible kinesiology tape) and sharp scissors. For rigid tape, a protective pre-wrap should be considered to prevent skin irritation, while kinetic tape is typically applied directly to the skin.
The skin must be clean, dry, and free of oils, lotions, or sweat that could compromise the adhesive bond. Cleaning the area with soap and water or an alcohol wipe is recommended to remove residue; ensure the skin is completely dry before proceeding. Trimming or shaving dense hair where the tape will be placed can significantly improve adhesion and make the subsequent removal process less painful. Ensure the person being taped is seated comfortably with the shoulder in a neutral or slightly supported position to allow full access to the joint.
Step-by-Step Application Techniques
The application of tape for shoulder support varies based on the material used and the specific goal, whether it is for general stability or focused relief. For general stabilization using kinetic tape, the process often involves multiple strips anchored at different points around the shoulder. A common technique uses three strips applied over the deltoid muscle.
Applying the Center Strip
To begin a common deltoid support application, measure three I-strips of tape long enough to span from the middle of the upper arm up to the acromion, the bony prominence at the top of the shoulder. The first strip’s anchor should be placed without stretch at the center of the upper arm, over the deltoid insertion point. With the arm hanging loosely in a neutral position, apply the tape with a light tension, typically 20% to 25% stretch, guiding it up the center of the deltoid muscle. Ensure the last two inches over the acromion are applied without tension.
Flanking Strips
The second and third strips are applied similarly, flanking the first strip to cover the anterior and posterior portions of the deltoid. For the anterior strip, place the anchor next to the first strip’s base and apply the tape with a slight stretch across the front of the shoulder. Ensure the arm is positioned slightly backward to stretch the muscle.
For the posterior strip, anchor it on the opposite side of the first strip’s base, applying the tape with the same low tension across the back of the shoulder while the arm is positioned slightly forward. This technique creates a web-like support that facilitates muscle activation and provides stability without restricting movement. Once all strips are applied, vigorously rub the entire surface of the tape to generate heat, which activates the adhesive and ensures a secure bond to the skin.
Safety Guidelines and Tape Removal
Continuous monitoring for adverse reactions is necessary for safe shoulder taping. Avoid applying excessive tension, especially with rigid athletic tape, as this can impede circulation or compress nerves, leading to numbness or tingling in the arm or hand. If increased pain, throbbing, or a change in the color or temperature of the limb occurs, the tape must be removed immediately, and medical attention should be sought.
Kinetic tape is designed to be worn for a longer duration than rigid athletic tape, typically lasting up to three to five days, though some professionals recommend removal after 48 hours to minimize the risk of skin irritation. Rigid tape, intended for acute support and restriction, should be removed shortly after the activity is complete and generally not worn for more than a few hours. Prolonged wear of any tape, especially if it becomes wet or dirty, increases the likelihood of skin issues such as itching, redness, or blistering.
For safe removal, peel the tape off slowly, pulling it parallel to the skin and in the direction of hair growth to minimize discomfort and skin trauma. Applying gentle pressure to the skin behind the tape as it is pulled away can also help protect the skin. Using an oil-based product, such as baby oil or a specialized adhesive remover spray, can help dissolve the adhesive bond, making the removal process significantly easier. Taping serves as a temporary support measure and is not a substitute for a professional medical diagnosis or a comprehensive treatment plan from a healthcare provider.