A nasal cannula is a common medical device consisting of a lightweight tube with two short prongs that rest just inside the nostrils. It delivers supplemental oxygen directly to the airways, increasing the concentration of oxygen inhaled. Correct usage ensures the prescribed oxygen dose is delivered consistently, maximizing the therapeutic benefit.
Step-by-Step Cannula Placement
Before applying the cannula, wash hands thoroughly with soap and water to maintain hygiene. Confirm the oxygen concentrator or tank is set to the flow rate prescribed by a healthcare provider before connecting the tubing. This ensures the device is ready for immediate operation once placed.
Orient the nasal prongs correctly, ensuring the curved or flared side faces downward to match the natural curve of the nostrils. Gently insert the two prongs into the nasal passages until they sit comfortably and securely. Position the prongs so the oxygen stream flows directly into the nose, avoiding the septum or the walls of the nostrils.
Once the prongs are in place, the tubing must be secured to keep the cannula stable during movement. Route the tubing over the ears, similar to eyeglasses, which distributes the weight across a less sensitive area. Bring the tubing down in front of the ears and cinch it securely under the chin using the sliding adjuster.
Alternatively, secure the tubing by running it behind the head and tightening the adjuster at the back of the neck to keep the face clear of slack tubing. After securing the device, check that the tubing runs freely without any kinks or sharp bends that could impede oxygen flow. Finally, check for a gentle, steady flow of oxygen by placing a finger near the prongs or listening for the subtle hiss of gas delivery.
Optimizing Comfort and Preventing Skin Irritation
Long-term use of supplemental oxygen often leads to drying of the nasal passages and throat mucosa due to continuous gas flow. To manage this discomfort, apply water-based nasal gels or saline sprays directly into the nostrils several times daily. Integrating a humidifier bottle into the oxygen delivery system can also introduce moisture to the gas, reducing irritation and dryness.
Tubing resting over the ears and against the cheeks is a frequent source of friction and pressure, which can lead to skin breakdown. Mitigate this by placing soft, medical-grade padding or specialized foam protectors around the sections of tubing that contact the skin. Repositioning the tubing slightly or using soft, hypoallergenic tape can also prevent localized redness.
Pressure ulcers can develop quickly behind the ears or along the cheekbones where the tubing rests. Inspect these areas daily for persistent redness, tenderness, or broken skin, which are early signs of potential damage. Consult with a healthcare provider if these signs appear, as a different cannula style or specialized skin barriers may be needed for continuous wear.
Managing the long length of the oxygen supply tubing is a practical consideration to prevent accidental dislodgment or tripping hazards. Secure the excess tubing with clips or route it strategically along furniture or walls to reduce entanglement. Maintain appropriate slack near the face, however, to allow for comfortable head movement without pulling on the nasal prongs.
Cleaning and Maintenance Schedule
Consistent cleaning of the nasal cannula is necessary to prevent bacteria buildup and maintain respiratory hygiene. Clean the nasal prongs daily using a mild liquid soap and warm water, followed by a thorough rinse and air drying on a clean surface. This daily maintenance ensures oxygen delivery remains unobstructed and minimizes the risk of localized infection.
The entire length of the supply tubing should also be wiped down at least weekly using a damp cloth or a mild disinfectant wipe to remove dust and surface contaminants. Although the tubing is designed for extended use, the nasal cannula component should typically be replaced every two to four weeks. Replacement is also warranted if the tubing becomes stiff, cracked, or if the prongs become noticeably discolored, ensuring effective oxygen delivery.
When the cannula is temporarily removed, store it in a clean, dry location, protected from direct sunlight or excessive heat. Avoid placing the nasal prongs directly onto unclean surfaces like floors or dusty bedside tables to maintain device integrity and reduce exposure to environmental pathogens.