A shoulder sling is a medical device designed to provide support and immobilization to the arm, shoulder, or collarbone following an injury or surgical procedure. Its primary function is to prevent unwanted movement of the upper limb, promoting proper healing of soft tissues or stabilizing fractured bones. The sling keeps the arm securely positioned against the body, minimizing strain on the injured joint. Correct application and fit are necessary to ensure the device effectively supports the limb and does not impede circulation or cause secondary issues.
Step-by-Step Application
Properly donning the shoulder sling begins with identifying the pouch section intended to cradle the forearm. Gently slide the injured arm into the sling, guiding the elbow deeply into the back corner of the fabric pouch. The elbow must be seated snugly in this seam to ensure the arm is fully supported and does not slip out.
Once the arm is in the pouch, take the strap that extends from the sling and bring it up and over the back, across the uninjured shoulder. This strap typically crosses the back and neck to distribute the weight of the arm evenly. Thread the strap through the designated loop or ring located near the hand end of the sling.
Fasten the strap securely, often using a buckle or Velcro closure, on the front of the sling. Use the uninjured arm to manage the straps and fastenings, avoiding movement of the injured shoulder during this process. This establishes a basic hold before fine-tuning the fit.
Achieving the Correct Fit and Angle
After the sling is generally in place, adjust the strap length to establish the optimal anatomical position for healing. The forearm should be bent at approximately a 90-degree angle at the elbow joint when the strap is tightened. This specific angle minimizes tension on the shoulder capsule and surrounding musculature.
The hand and wrist should be fully contained and supported by the sling fabric, resting slightly higher than the elbow. Elevating the hand helps prevent the pooling of fluid in the arm, a condition known as dependent edema. If the wrist is drooping or the hand is sagging below the elbow, the strap needs to be tightened further to achieve the correct elevation.
Confirm that the sling is not too tight, which could restrict blood flow and nerve function. Check the fingers periodically for signs of compromised circulation, such as tingling, numbness, coolness, or a blue discoloration. If any of these symptoms occur, the strap must be loosened immediately to relieve pressure on the neurovascular structures. The sling should hold the arm firmly against the body without causing discomfort to the neck or shoulder.
Daily Life Management
Wearing a sling continuously requires modifying routine activities to maintain safety and hygiene. When dressing, select loose-fitting, front-opening garments to minimize movement of the injured joint. Always put the injured arm into the sleeve first, using the uninjured hand to guide it gently, and then put the uninjured arm in second.
Maintaining the arm’s immobilization during sleep is necessary for recovery. Many find it helpful to sleep on their back or in a semi-reclined position. Use several pillows to prop up and support the injured arm and shoulder, preventing inadvertent rolling onto the injured side during the night.
For personal hygiene, remove the sling only when bathing or showering, and only with a healthcare provider’s permission. To avoid unnecessary motion, use the uninjured arm to wash, keeping the injured arm relaxed at the side. If there is a surgical incision, waterproof dressings must be used to keep the area completely dry, as moisture can increase the risk of infection.