The Kalanchoe plant is a popular succulent species recognized for its thick, fleshy leaves that store water. This anatomy allows it to withstand prolonged periods of dryness, reflecting its native origins in arid environments. Because Kalanchoes are drought-adapted, their greatest vulnerability indoors is exposure to excessive moisture. Mastering the right watering routine is essential for maintaining a healthy plant.
Determining When to Water
Kalanchoes thrive when their soil is allowed to dry out completely between hydration cycles, mimicking the natural dry-wet rhythm of their native habitat. Watering on a fixed schedule is risky because environmental conditions constantly change the rate of evaporation. The only reliable method is to check the moisture level before applying any water.
The most accurate way to determine if the plant is ready for water is by performing the “finger test.” Insert your index finger approximately two inches (about 5 cm) deep into the soil. If the soil at this depth feels cool, damp, or moist, wait several more days before checking again. Watering should only occur when the top two inches of soil are completely dry to the touch.
A moisture meter can be used, but the simple finger check is often sufficient and effective for preventing overwatering. This practice ensures that the roots are not suffocated by saturated soil, which quickly leads to fungal issues. Allowing the soil to dry out fully encourages the root system to seek moisture, promoting overall plant vigor.
Proper Watering Technique
Once the soil check confirms dryness, the watering process should be thorough to encourage deep root growth. Apply water slowly and evenly across the soil surface until it flows freely out of the pot’s drainage holes. This deep soaking ensures the entire root ball is saturated, which is healthier than frequent, shallow watering.
After the water has fully drained, empty the saucer or cachepot immediately. Never allow the pot to sit in standing water for more than 15 minutes. The roots will quickly wick up excess moisture, creating a waterlogged environment that fosters root rot. Using room temperature water is preferable, as cold water can shock the root system.
Seasonal and Environmental Adjustments
Watering frequency is not static and requires modification based on the growing season. During the main growing season in spring and summer, the plant requires more frequent watering, typically every one to two weeks, due to increased growth and faster evaporation. Reduced watering should begin as temperatures drop in autumn to prepare the plant for its rest period.
The plant enters a period of reduced activity in the winter months, requiring a significant reduction in moisture. During this time, you may only need to water every three to four weeks, allowing the soil to remain dry for longer periods. Overwatering during the cooler months is the most common cause of plant decline.
Environmental factors like light intensity and temperature affect the rate of soil drying. Plants placed in brighter light, such as a south-facing window, will dry out faster than those in lower light conditions. Higher ambient temperatures and lower humidity will also speed up the evaporation rate, meaning the soil may need checking sooner.
Recognizing and Correcting Watering Problems
Mismanagement of water leads to two distinct sets of symptoms, each requiring a different corrective action. Overwatering, the most frequent cause of damage, is identified by yellowing of the lower leaves, a mushy or soft texture to the leaves and stems, and wilting. The most serious consequence is root rot, where the roots become brown, soft, and unable to absorb water or nutrients.
If overwatering is suspected, stop watering completely and allow the soil to dry out thoroughly. In severe cases, the plant must be removed from the wet soil, and any brown or mushy roots should be carefully pruned away with sterile shears before repotting into fresh, dry, well-draining soil. Conversely, an underwatered Kalanchoe will display thin, shriveled, or wrinkled leaves that may feel brittle.
The correction for underwatering is a deep, thorough soak to rehydrate the root ball. Water the plant slowly until the water drains from the bottom, or allow it to soak in a saucer of water briefly to wick up moisture. Once the leaves regain their plump appearance, return the plant to a regular, conservative watering schedule.