Menstrual cups are flexible, bell-shaped devices, typically made from medical-grade silicone, that are inserted into the vagina to collect menstrual fluid rather than absorbing it. This reusable product is designed to offer an eco-friendly and cost-effective alternative to traditional sanitary products. Because the cup is worn internally and reused repeatedly, meticulous cleaning is non-negotiable for hygiene, preventing potential infections, and ensuring the product maintains its intended lifespan. Establishing a consistent cleaning routine is the foundation for safe and comfortable menstrual cup use.
Cleaning During Use
Routine maintenance is required every time the cup is emptied, which is generally every 4 to 12 hours depending on flow. After emptying the cup’s contents into the toilet, rinse it thoroughly with cool water. This initial cold rinse is important because it prevents the menstrual blood proteins and iron content from setting and staining the silicone material. Following the cold rinse, use warm water and a mild, unscented, and oil-free soap to wash the cup.
Avoid harsh soaps, antibacterial cleansers, or any products containing oils or fragrances, as these can degrade the silicone and cause irritation or disrupt the vaginal environment. Pay particular attention to the small suction holes around the rim of the cup, ensuring they are clear of any residue, perhaps using a soft-bristled brush designated only for this purpose. When a sink is not accessible, you can carry a small bottle of water to rinse the cup over the toilet. Alternatively, use a specific cup wipe or simply wipe the cup clean with toilet paper and perform a full wash at the next available opportunity.
Deep Cleaning Between Cycles
Sterilization is necessary before the first use and at the conclusion of every menstrual cycle before the cup is stored. This deep clean ensures the elimination of any remaining bacteria or biofilms that routine washing may not have removed. The most common and effective method for sterilization is boiling the cup in water.
Use a dedicated pot for this process to avoid cross-contamination with food preparation, and ensure the cup is fully submerged in the water. The cup should be boiled for a minimum of five minutes and up to ten minutes to achieve complete sterilization. Monitor the pot closely, as the cup can be damaged or melt if the water boils dry or if the cup rests against the bottom of the hot pot for an extended time.
Alternative deep cleaning methods include specialized electric steam sterilizers or sterilization tablets, which are often the same type used for baby bottle equipment. If using these alternatives, always follow the manufacturer’s directions precisely to ensure the device is properly sanitized. After the deep cleaning process is complete, allow the cup to cool completely and dry fully before storage.
Addressing Discoloration and Odor
Even with correct routine and deep cleaning, the cup may eventually develop a slight discoloration or persistent odor due to the iron in the blood. Staining often appears as a yellowish or brownish tint on the silicone. One effective troubleshooting method is to soak the cup in a diluted hydrogen peroxide solution.
A safe and common dilution ratio is one part of 3% hydrogen peroxide mixed with two to three parts of water. Submerge the stained cup in this solution for a few hours, such as two to three, and then rinse it thoroughly with water and mild soap before use or storage. For very stubborn staining, some sources suggest a 24-hour soak, but it is wise to check the cup manufacturer’s specific guidance on peroxide use to prevent potential material degradation.
Another simple, non-chemical method for addressing both minor stains and lingering odors is placing the clean cup in direct sunlight. Ultraviolet light is a natural disinfectant and can help to break down organic residue that causes discoloration. Airing the cup out in a sunny location for a few hours will also help dissipate any faint smells. If a persistent odor remains despite sterilization and sun exposure, it may indicate that the cup has reached the end of its useful lifespan and should be replaced.
Proper Storage Guidelines
Once the menstrual cycle is finished and the cup has been thoroughly deep-cleaned, it must be stored correctly until the next period begins. The cup must be completely dry before storage to prevent the possibility of mold or bacterial growth on the surface. Storing a damp cup encourages the proliferation of unwanted microorganisms.
The cup must be stored in a breathable container, such as the cotton or cloth pouch that typically accompanies the product. Airflow is necessary to allow any trace moisture to evaporate fully and to prevent the buildup of a stale odor. Avoid storing the cup in airtight plastic containers or sealed Ziploc bags, as these trap moisture and create an environment conducive to bacterial growth. The chosen storage location should be cool, dry, and away from direct sunlight, harsh chemicals, or strong fragrances, which could damage the silicone.