An arm sling is a medical device designed to immobilize and support an injured arm, shoulder, or wrist, reducing pain and promoting healing. Its main purpose is to keep the arm positioned against the body, preventing unintended movement that could aggravate a sprain, fracture, or surgical repair. Proper use is necessary because incorrect positioning can slow recovery, cause discomfort, or lead to complications like restricted blood flow or joint stiffness.
Selecting the Correct Sling
Before applying any support, ensure you have the appropriate type of sling for the specific injury. A standard arm sling cradles the forearm and is typically suitable for wrist or lower arm injuries, keeping the arm bent at roughly a 90-degree angle. More complex injuries, such as shoulder dislocations or upper arm fractures, often require a shoulder immobilizer. This device includes an additional strap or swath around the torso to prevent the arm from swinging away from the body. An elevated arm sling positions the hand slightly higher than the elbow, which aids in reducing swelling in the hand or wrist.
Correct sizing is necessary for effective support and comfort. While some manufacturers size based on weight, the most accurate fit is determined by measuring the length of the forearm from the elbow to the base of the little finger. If the sling is too short, the hand may hang unsupported, placing stress on the wrist. If it is too long, the arm may not be held securely against the body. Prioritize a fit that comfortably supports the entire forearm without the wrist or hand sagging.
Step-by-Step Application
To apply a standard sling, gently bend the injured arm at the elbow to a 90-degree angle, allowing the forearm to rest parallel to the floor. Carefully slide the arm into the sling pouch, ensuring the elbow is seated snugly into the corner of the fabric. The sling material should fully support the forearm and hand, with the fingertips typically just exposed at the opening.
Bring the strap up and over the back and neck, resting the padded section on the shoulder opposite the injured arm. This routing helps distribute the arm’s weight across the unaffected side. Secure the strap using the buckle or Velcro fastener, avoiding placing the fastener directly over the spine for comfort.
The strap length needs careful adjustment to achieve the correct elevation, which reduces swelling. The hand should be elevated slightly above the level of the elbow, often achieved by adjusting the strap so the fingers point subtly toward the opposite shoulder. This slight elevation uses gravity to prevent fluids from pooling in the hand and wrist. If a swathe or waist strap is included, secure it around the torso and the injured arm to hold the arm firmly against the body.
Ongoing Wear and Safety Checks
When wearing the sling, perform regular checks to ensure circulation is not compromised. Examine the fingertips of the injured hand for changes in color, temperature, swelling, or numbness. The skin should remain a normal pink color and feel warm. If the fingers turn pale, blue, or feel cold, the sling is likely too tight and requires immediate adjustment to relieve pressure on blood vessels or nerves.
Only remove the sling for necessary activities, such as bathing or gentle doctor-recommended exercises. When removing the sling for hygiene, keep the arm close to the body and supported on a flat surface, such as a table, to maintain immobilization. Ensure the skin underneath the armpit and the sling is kept clean and dry to prevent irritation and skin breakdown.
To enhance comfort, place a soft cloth or padding under the neck strap to minimize friction on the skin. Regularly inspect the skin under the sling for pressure points or redness, which indicates the sling may be rubbing or positioned incorrectly. Follow the advice of your healthcare provider regarding how long to wear the sling, as prolonged immobilization can sometimes lead to joint stiffness.