Surgical masks designed with ties offer a more customizable and secure fit compared to ear-loop styles. This secure fit is important because the physical barrier reduces the passage of large respiratory droplets that carry potential pathogens. This type of mask requires specific steps for donning and removal to maximize effectiveness and minimize the risk of self-contamination.
Preparation and Orientation
Before handling the mask, clean hands with soap and water or an alcohol-based hand sanitizer to prevent transferring microorganisms. Once hands are clean, determine the mask’s correct orientation by identifying its key features. The top edge contains a stiff, moldable metal strip designed to conform tightly over the bridge of the nose.
The mask is typically constructed with three layers. The outer layer, often colored, is hydrophobic to repel fluids and must face outward, away from the wearer’s face. The pleats should also be oriented to face downward, which prevents droplets from collecting in the folds. Locate the four separate tie strings, with two positioned at the top corners and two at the bottom corners of the mask material.
Step-by-Step Tying Procedure
Hold the mask material by the upper ties or edges, bringing it up to the face and centering the nose piece over the nasal bridge. Secure the upper ties by drawing them back above the ears and tying them firmly at the crown of the head. This knot should be positioned high on the back of the skull to anchor the mask securely across the upper face.
After the top ties are fastened, pull the material down over the nose and mouth, extending fully under the chin. Secure the lower pair of ties by drawing them back and tying them around the nape of the neck, beneath the ears. This lower knot pulls the mask material snugly beneath the chin, eliminating gaps along the jawline.
With both sets of ties secured, mold the metal nose strip to the contours of the nose to create a tight seal. Use the index and middle fingers of both hands to gently press and pinch the strip down across the bridge of the nose and along the cheekbones. The mask should feel comfortably snug against the face without causing pain or significant pressure points. A properly tied mask will not shift or gap when the wearer speaks or moves their head.
Safe Removal and Disposal
Removing the mask safely requires a specific sequence to avoid contact with the front surface, which is potentially contaminated with microorganisms. Before touching the ties, clean hands with an alcohol-based rub or by washing with soap and water. The removal process begins with untying the bottom knot first, handling only the strings themselves.
After the lower ties are released, the upper ties are untied or broken at the crown of the head. Throughout the entire process, keep fingers away from the main body of the mask material. Carefully lift the mask away from the face, holding it exclusively by the ties or the side edges.
Once removed, the used mask must be immediately discarded into a designated trash receptacle. Surgical masks are intended for single use, and proper disposal ensures that any captured pathogens are contained. Following disposal, perform hand hygiene to cleanse any lingering contamination that may have occurred during the removal process.