Long-term storage of dentures refers to any period extending beyond a few days, such as weeks or months, during which the appliance is not worn. The primary objective of proper storage is to preserve the structural integrity of the denture material, which is typically acrylic resin. This care prevents the material from drying out and warping, which would irreversibly alter its fit. Correct storage also minimizes the risk of microbial colonization and the accumulation of mineral deposits.
Preparing Dentures for Extended Storage
Before placing the appliance into extended storage, a comprehensive cleaning procedure is necessary to eliminate all organic debris and biofilm. Dentures must be thoroughly brushed using a soft-bristle brush designed for dentures to avoid scratching the polished acrylic surfaces. Use a non-abrasive denture cleaning paste or mild soap, as regular toothpaste contains abrasives that create microscopic scratches where bacteria can hide.
All residual food particles, plaque, and denture adhesive must be completely removed from both the tissue-facing and chewing surfaces. After cleaning, inspect the dentures closely for any existing cracks, chips, or areas of wear that might worsen during storage. If significant damage is found, a dental professional consultation is advisable before storage.
Selecting the Correct Storage Environment
The most important factor in long-term denture storage is maintaining moisture content to prevent dimensional changes in the acrylic base material. Acrylic resin is hygroscopic; allowing it to dry out will cause it to shrink and warp, permanently destroying the fit. Dentures must be completely submerged in a liquid medium, such as clean, cool water or a commercially available denture soaking solution. If using a soaking solution, follow the manufacturer’s directions regarding concentration and contact time to avoid material degradation.
Exposure to hot or boiling water can induce thermal distortion in the plastic material, causing it to lose its custom shape. The storage container should be a hard-plastic case with a tight-fitting lid to prevent evaporation and spillage. An opaque or dark-colored container is preferable, and the storage location should be cool and dark, away from direct sunlight or heat sources like radiators. A stable room temperature environment minimizes the risk of thermal expansion or contraction. Furthermore, avoid certain chemicals; household bleach or undiluted solutions can weaken the acrylic and corrode any metal components present in partial dentures.
Periodic Care During Storage
Even when fully submerged, dentures require periodic maintenance to ensure the storage environment remains hygienic and effective. The liquid medium must be changed regularly to prevent the growth of mold, fungus, or bacteria that thrive in stagnant water. Changing the liquid every two to four weeks is a minimum for long-term storage, though a weekly change provides a safer margin against microbial proliferation. This routine replacement also prevents the concentration of mineral salts, which could lead to scale or tartar-like buildup on the denture surface.
Each time the liquid is refreshed, the dentures should be briefly removed and inspected for any visual signs of degradation. Look for cloudiness, unusual odors, or visible slime or discoloration, which can indicate the onset of fungal growth like Candida. A quick, gentle brushing of the appliance with a soft brush under running water helps remove any surface film before re-submerging it in the fresh solution.
Reconditioning Dentures for Wear
When the long-term storage period concludes, a specific sequence of steps is necessary to safely transition the dentures back into regular use. The first step is to thoroughly rinse the appliance under cool, running water immediately upon removal from the storage container. This rinsing removes all traces of the storage solution, especially if a chemical disinfectant was used, which could irritate the oral tissues. The dentures should be brushed lightly once more to ensure the removal of any residual film or mineral deposits that may have formed during storage.
A final brief soak, perhaps 15 to 30 minutes, in a fresh, mild denture cleaning solution or warm water can help refresh the material just before placement. Before inserting the appliance, the wearer must carefully assess the fit and comfort, as oral tissues and bone structure can change subtly over an extended period. If the dentures feel noticeably loose, uncomfortable, or cause irritation, a dental consultation is necessary. An ill-fitting denture can lead to localized irritation, sores, or accelerated bone loss, and may require a professional reline or adjustment.