Oxygen tanks, also known as oxygen cylinders, are a common method for delivering medical oxygen to individuals requiring respiratory support. These systems store pure oxygen gas under high pressure, making them a reliable resource for both stationary and portable use. Understanding the proper procedure for setting up and operating this equipment is important for safely and effectively receiving the prescribed therapy. This guide provides instructions on how to correctly assemble, activate, monitor, and handle a compressed oxygen cylinder system.
Essential Components of the System
The oxygen delivery system consists of several distinct parts that work together to safely administer the gas. The core component is the oxygen cylinder, a thick-walled vessel designed to hold oxygen compressed to pressures exceeding 2,000 pounds per square inch (PSI) when full. The cylinder’s main valve, located at the top, controls the release of this high-pressure gas.
Attached to the cylinder valve is the regulator, which performs two primary functions. It reduces the tank’s high pressure to a safe, usable level and incorporates a flowmeter. The flowmeter allows the user to precisely select the prescribed flow rate, typically measured in liters per minute (LPM), often using a dial or a ball indicator.
A pressure gauge is integrated into the regulator, displaying the current gas pressure remaining inside the cylinder. This gauge measures the tank’s contents, not the flow rate being delivered. Finally, the delivery device, usually a nasal cannula or an oxygen mask, connects to the regulator via specialized oxygen tubing.
Step-by-Step Activation and Flow Setting
Before attaching the regulator, ensure the cylinder is secured upright in a stand or cart to prevent tipping. Inspect the cylinder’s valve post and the regulator’s inlet for any dust, debris, or oil, as these must be clean to prevent a combustion hazard. A small, non-metallic seal (washer) must be placed between the regulator and the tank valve to ensure a gas-tight connection.
Align the regulator’s yoke assembly with the cylinder valve post, ensuring the alignment pins fit into the corresponding holes on the valve. This Pin Index Safety System prevents attaching the regulator to a cylinder containing a different gas. Tighten the regulator’s T-handle or yoke screw clockwise until the connection is secure and snug. Avoid overtightening, which can damage the seal or valve threads.
To prepare the cylinder for use, turn the main on/off valve very slowly using a specialized wrench or the built-in handle, rotating it counter-clockwise. Opening the valve slowly is important to prevent a rapid surge of high-pressure oxygen, which could generate heat and pose a fire risk. Once the cylinder is open, the pressure gauge needle will move, indicating the current pressure in the tank.
Turn the valve until it is fully open, then turn it back slightly (about a quarter-turn) to prevent it from sticking. The final step is to adjust the therapeutic flow rate. Locate the flow selector knob on the regulator and rotate it until the indicator aligns precisely with the LPM setting prescribed by the physician. After adjusting the flow, connect the oxygen tubing and nasal cannula or mask to the regulator’s outlet.
Monitoring Tank Pressure and Duration
Monitoring the tank’s contents is necessary to prevent the unexpected depletion of oxygen supply. The pressure gauge provides a direct reading of the gas remaining inside the cylinder, measured in PSI. A standard full E-cylinder, a common portable size, holds oxygen at approximately 2,000 to 2,200 PSI.
The tank needs replacement when the pressure drops to a residual level, usually around 200 to 500 PSI, which is sometimes marked in red on the gauge face. Regularly checking the gauge allows the user to anticipate when a replacement is needed. Since the tank’s pressure decreases linearly as the gas is used, it is possible to calculate the approximate remaining duration of oxygen.
To estimate the duration in minutes, use this formula: multiply the remaining pressure (in PSI) by a tank-specific conversion factor, then divide that result by the prescribed flow rate (in LPM). For example, a common E-cylinder has a conversion factor of 0.28, while a larger H-cylinder has a factor of 3.14. This calculation provides a practical estimate of remaining time at the current flow rate.
Critical Safety and Handling Procedures
Oxygen is not flammable itself, but it vigorously supports combustion, causing other materials to ignite more easily and burn intensely. Maintain a safe distance (at least six to ten feet) between the oxygen equipment and any heat source, open flame, or electrical appliance. This includes stoves, space heaters, lit candles, and smoking materials.
Users must avoid applying petroleum-based products, such as lotions, ointments, or vapor rubs, to the face, chest, or hands while using oxygen. Grease and oil can react explosively with concentrated oxygen under pressure. All cylinders, whether in use or in storage, must be secured upright with a chain, strap, or stand to prevent them from falling. A fall could damage the valve, potentially causing a rapid, uncontrolled gas release.
When a cylinder is not actively in use, turn the main valve off completely to conserve gas and prevent accidental leaks. Store spare cylinders in a well-ventilated area that is clean, dry, and free from combustible materials. If a leak is suspected (indicated by a hissing sound or rapid drop in gauge pressure), close the main valve immediately and contact the supplier for inspection and replacement.