Wearing a face mask functions as a simple barrier, primarily for source control, which helps prevent the wearer’s respiratory droplets from reaching others and the surrounding environment. This public health measure offers protection against the spread of various respiratory pathogens. For a mask to perform effectively, the user must follow a specific technique for both application and removal. Proper handling ensures the mask itself does not become a source of contamination.
Steps for Safe Application
Preparation begins with thorough hand hygiene, washing hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds or using an alcohol-based hand sanitizer before touching the mask. Before putting the mask on, inspect it for any visible tears, holes, or dampness, as a damaged or wet mask offers reduced effectiveness.
Correctly orient the mask by locating the stiff nose wire intended for the top and identifying the outside, which is often the colored side. Holding the mask only by the ear loops or ties, place it over your face, ensuring it fully covers your nose and mouth before securing it under your chin.
Secure the mask using the ear loops or ties. Adjust the fit by molding the nose wire to the bridge of your nose, ensuring the mask lies snugly against the sides of your face without large gaps. Avoid touching the front fabric once the mask is in position, as the exterior surface is considered potentially contaminated.
Critical Removal Techniques
Removal requires avoiding contact with the front, which is presumed to have trapped droplets and particles. Always begin the process with clean hands to prevent transferring contamination to the face. To remove the mask, only grasp the ear loops or the ties, keeping your fingers away from the fabric.
Gently untie the bottom tie first, if applicable, followed by the top one, or stretch the ear loops forward and lift the mask away from your face. Avoid touching your eyes, nose, or mouth during this action. Immediately dispose of the mask or place it into a designated container for cleaning. The final step is to clean your hands thoroughly with soap and water or hand sanitizer.
Handling Reusable and Disposable Masks
Disposable masks, such as surgical masks, should be thrown into a trash receptacle immediately after a single use. Reusing them, especially if they become wet or dirty, compromises their filtering material and is not recommended.
For reusable cloth face coverings, laundering is necessary after every use, or as soon as they become visibly soiled or damp. They can be machine-washed with regular laundry detergent using the warmest appropriate water setting for the fabric.
If a clean, dry mask must be stored between uses, use a breathable container, such as a paper or mesh fabric bag. This prevents moisture accumulation and microbial growth, ensuring the mask remains sanitary for the next application.