A scrub cap, often called a surgical cap, is a specialized head covering worn to maintain a clean or sterile field by fully containing the wearer’s hair and scalp skin cells. These simple garments are a core component of personal protective equipment, acting as a barrier to prevent the shedding of hair, dandruff, and microorganisms that naturally reside on the scalp. Proper donning technique is necessary primarily for adherence to infection control standards. Learning the correct procedure ensures the cap minimizes the risk of contamination in sensitive environments.
Pre-Donning Preparation and Hair Management
The process of putting on a scrub cap begins with preparing the hair to ensure complete containment. For people with long hair, the volume must be managed by gathering it into a low ponytail or a flat bun positioned at the nape of the neck. Securing the hair low on the head prevents the formation of a large mound that would make the cap sit improperly or uncomfortably. Any loose hair, including bangs, sideburns, and stray strands at the nape, must be secured close to the head using clips or a hairnet before the cap is applied. This approach is essential because minor gaps can allow hair particles to escape into the environment.
Step-by-Step Guide for Different Cap Styles
The method for correctly applying a scrub cap varies depending on whether the style is an elastic bouffant or a tie-back surgical cap.
Elastic Bouffant Style
The disposable or elastic bouffant style is designed with a gathered elastic band. It is held by its front edge and placed on the forehead at the hairline. The wearer then smoothly pulls the cap backward over the entire head. Ensure the elastic edge secures the hair all the way to the nape of the neck. This style is favored for its ease of use and capacity to contain a large amount of hair volume completely within the dome of the cap.
Tie-Back Surgical Style
Tie-back or surgical-style caps offer a more tailored fit and require careful placement. Position the front band of the cap just above the eyebrows, covering the entire hairline. The excess material is then pulled down over the back of the head to completely enclose the hair and the nape of the neck. Securing the cap involves tying the attached strings at the back. This allows the wearer to customize the tension for a secure fit that will not slip during movement and helps maintain a continuous barrier between the head and the surrounding environment throughout the workday.
Ensuring Proper Fit and Hygiene Compliance
Once the cap is in place, verifying the fit ensures full hygiene compliance. The entire perimeter of the cap’s edge must rest flush against the skin, completely covering the hairline from the forehead around to the nape of the neck. It is important to confirm that no hair is visible protruding from under the edges, as this indicates a breach in containment. Institutional policy often dictates whether the ears should be tucked inside the cap or left exposed. In either case, the fit must be snug enough to prevent movement. The cap should feel secure without exerting excessive pressure that could cause discomfort or headaches over several hours of wear.
Safe Removal and Disposal
The final step involves removing the scrub cap in a way that minimizes the risk of cross-contamination. Handle the cap only by the ties or the outer edge, avoiding contact with the portion that covered the hair and scalp. The wearer should pull the cap off carefully, peeling it away from the head without touching the face or surrounding surfaces. Disposable scrub caps must be immediately placed into a designated waste receptacle for proper medical disposal. Reusable fabric caps should be transported in a separate laundry bag and laundered at high temperatures to eliminate microorganisms before they are worn again.