A dental retainer is a custom-made appliance prescribed after orthodontic treatment to maintain teeth alignment and prevent the natural tendency of teeth to shift back to their original positions. The retainer stabilizes the teeth and supports the bone as it adapts to the new configuration. The use of this device ensures the longevity of the orthodontic results. Proper insertion is a skill that begins with careful preparation and ends with confirming a secure, comfortable fit.
Preparing the Retainer and Mouth
Before placing the retainer, both the appliance and the mouth must be clean to promote oral health and prevent bacterial buildup. Retainers should be gently brushed with a soft-bristled toothbrush and water, or a non-abrasive cleaner, to remove any debris or plaque. Rinsing the mouth or brushing the teeth after eating is also recommended before putting the device in.
It is important to correctly identify the orientation of the retainer before attempting insertion, particularly with a Hawley (wire and acrylic) type. For an upper arch retainer, the plastic portion rests against the roof of the mouth, while a lower retainer’s plastic is positioned near the tongue. Hold the appliance so the curve aligns perfectly with the curve of the teeth it is meant to cover.
Step-by-Step Insertion Technique
Placing the retainer begins with aligning it directly over the teeth without forcing it into position. For clear plastic retainers, guide the device over the front teeth before pressing down on the back teeth. Once the retainer is loosely situated, pressure must be applied with the fingertips, not by biting down, as jaw muscles exert force that can damage the appliance.
The correct seating motion involves applying gentle, even pressure simultaneously to the back teeth, specifically over the molar areas on both the left and right sides. This bilateral pressure ensures the retainer seats flush against the teeth and gums without warping or bending the material. A slight “snap” or click confirms the appliance is securely locked into place. If resistance is met, a slight wiggle may help guide the retainer, but forcing it should be avoided.
Addressing Fit and Comfort
After successful insertion, a sensation of tightness or gentle pressure is common for the first few days, especially if the teeth have shifted slightly since the last wear. This feeling indicates the retainer is working to nudge the teeth back into their prescribed alignment. If the tightness is persistent or causes significant pain, the appliance may require an adjustment from the orthodontist.
Patients should inspect the fit for areas of irritation, which can manifest as rubbing or cuts on the gums, cheeks, or tongue. If the retainer appears visibly warped, if it will not seat properly even with correct finger pressure, or if any discomfort is excessive, professional guidance is necessary.
When removing the device, the safest method is to use a fingertip to gently disengage it from the back molars first, pulling from both sides to avoid stressing the material.