Wheelchair footrests are integral components that play a significant role in user safety and biomechanics. Proper installation ensures the user maintains correct seated posture, which effectively distributes pressure across the seating surface and helps prevent skin breakdown. Furthermore, securely mounted footrests support the lower extremities, preventing the feet from dragging or falling off the supports, which reduces the risk of entanglement or falls during movement. Understanding the correct procedure for mounting these components is a practical step toward maximizing both safety and support for the user.
Preparation and Footrest Identification
Before installation, stabilize the wheelchair by engaging the wheel locks or brakes completely. This prevents the chair from rolling or shifting unexpectedly during the attachment process. Ensure the area around the frame’s mounting pins, typically located near the front vertical tubing, is clear of debris or clothing that could obstruct the connection.
Identifying the specific footrest type is necessary, as most modern wheelchairs utilize a swing-away or detachable leg rest assembly. These assemblies are frequently side-specific, requiring confirmation that the piece is designated for the left or right side. Correct identification is often indicated by a label or a distinct shape designed to fit only one side of the frame.
Step-by-Step Attachment
The process begins by holding the leg rest assembly and ensuring the footplate is folded upward and out of the way. This folded position prevents the footplate from interfering with the wheels or the frame during mounting. The attachment mechanism, typically featuring two hinge pins, must be aligned carefully with the corresponding receptacles on the wheelchair frame.
The upper pin is usually inserted first into the upper receiver at a slight downward angle, followed by the lower pin. The assembly is held at an angle away from the chair during this alignment to facilitate seating the pins into the frame’s holes. Once both pins are seated loosely, the entire leg rest assembly is rotated inward toward the chair’s centerline.
The inward rotation is performed until the internal locking mechanism fully engages. A distinct click or a firm stop indicates that the spring-loaded latch has successfully secured the assembly to the frame. Performing a gentle tug outward on the footrest confirms the connection is secure and the latch is fully seated. This engagement secures the footrest against unwanted detachment during transfers or movement.
Setting the Correct Height and Angle
With the footrest assembly firmly attached, the next step involves adjusting the length to accommodate the user’s lower leg geometry. The height is adjusted by manipulating the telescoping tube section of the leg rest, often controlled by a spring-loaded pin or a set screw requiring a wrench or Allen tool. The goal is to achieve an optimal fit where the user’s knee is positioned at approximately a 90-degree angle when seated and relaxed.
To determine the correct setting, a measurement should be taken from the back of the user’s heel to the crease behind the knee while they are seated in the chair. This measurement dictates the required distance from the seat cushion to the footplate surface. Incorrect height can cause the user to slide forward or place excessive pressure on the underside of the knee, potentially restricting blood flow. Adjusting the length ensures the feet are fully supported by the footplate, preventing pressure on the back of the thigh from the seat edge. Once the correct length is achieved, the adjustment pin or screw must be re-secured tightly to prevent the footplate from sliding down during use.
Removal and Final Safety Checks
Removing the footrest assembly, typically required for transfers or folding the chair, is the reverse of the attachment process. This involves locating and pressing a release lever or button, often positioned near the upper mounting pin. Activating this lever disengages the internal locking latch, allowing the entire leg rest assembly to be swung outward and away from the frame.
After reattaching and adjusting the footrests, a comprehensive safety inspection is the final required action. The user or caregiver must check for any excessive side-to-side wobble, confirming the locking mechanism is fully engaged and the assembly is rigid against the frame. The footplates should be checked to ensure they are securely fastened to the leg rest tubing and do not pivot or fold unexpectedly under slight pressure.