Caladiums are tropical foliage plants known for their vibrant, colorful leaves. Originating from warm climates, these plants are not tolerant of cold temperatures and require winter protection in most regions. This guide focuses on successfully overwintering caladiums in pots to ensure their return for subsequent growing seasons.
Preparing Caladiums for Overwintering
As autumn approaches and temperatures consistently drop below 60°F (15°C), caladiums naturally begin their transition toward dormancy. Gradually reduce watering to allow the soil to dry out, and cease all fertilization. This signals to the plant that its growing season is ending.
The foliage will start to yellow and die back. Once the leaves have completely withered, or if a light frost occurs, cut back the remaining foliage to about an inch above the soil line. This readies the plant for either dormant storage or continued indoor growth.
Storing Dormant Tubers
Storing caladium tubers is a common method for overwintering, allowing them to rest until spring. Carefully remove tubers from pots, avoiding damage, and gently brush off excess soil.
Next, air-dry the tubers for several days in a warm, dry, and well-ventilated area, around 60°F (15°C) or higher. This curing prevents rot by allowing nicks to heal and ensuring dryness. After drying, inspect each tuber for signs of disease, mold, or damage, discarding unhealthy ones. Trim away any remaining withered stems or roots.
For storage, pack the cleaned, dried tubers in a breathable medium like dry peat moss, vermiculite, sawdust, or shredded newspaper. These materials insulate and regulate moisture, preventing excessive drying or rot. Place the packed tubers in a cardboard box or mesh bag, avoiding airtight containers. Store them in a dark, dry location where temperatures remain between 50-60°F (10-15°C), such as a basement, closet, or unheated garage. Periodically check for shriveling (too dry) or mold (too much moisture).
Keeping Caladiums Active Indoors
An alternative to dormant storage is to keep caladiums actively growing indoors through winter. For continued growth, provide bright, indirect light, such as near a south-facing window or under supplemental grow lights. Direct, intense sun can scorch their leaves.
Watering should be consistent but reduced from summer; allow the top inch or two of soil to dry out between waterings. Avoid overwatering, which can lead to root rot in cooler indoor conditions. Caladiums prefer high humidity, so use pebble trays, a room humidifier, or regular misting to increase moisture in the air in dry indoor environments. Maintain indoor temperatures between 65-75°F (18-24°C) for optimal growth. Regularly inspect the foliage for pests, addressing any infestations promptly.
Bringing Caladiums Out of Dormancy
In late winter to early spring, typically 6-8 weeks before the last expected frost, begin reawakening dormant caladium tubers. Carefully remove the tubers from their storage medium. Plant each tuber in a pot filled with fresh, well-draining potting mix, orienting the “eye” or growing points upwards, if visible.
Provide warmth to encourage sprouting, ideally in a location where temperatures are around 70°F (21°C) or higher; bottom heat can be beneficial. Begin with light watering, keeping the soil lightly moist until new shoots emerge. Once sprouts appear, move the pots to a bright, warm location with indirect light. Once outdoor temperatures stabilize above 60°F (15°C), gradually acclimate the plants to outdoor conditions over a week or two before moving them outside.