Denture adhesive is a material designed for temporary retention, helping to hold a dental prosthesis securely in place. It functions as a flexible seal, not a permanent bonding agent like household glue, which is why the term “glue” is inaccurate. Adhesives work by creating a seal between the denture base and the oral tissues, often using materials that swell when exposed to moisture to enhance the fit.
Lower dentures present a greater challenge for stability and often require more adhesive than upper dentures. Unlike the upper denture, which benefits from the broad, flat surface of the palate to create natural suction, the lower jaw offers a narrower and shallower ridge. The constant movement of the tongue also acts to dislodge the lower denture, making supplementary retention necessary for comfort and function.
Choosing the Right Adhesive Type
Dental adhesives are available in three primary forms, each offering distinct advantages based on the user’s needs.
Creams and Pastes
Creams or pastes provide a strong, long-lasting hold, often containing zinc or other ingredients to enhance the seal. These are favored for active users who need maximum security. However, they can be messier and require more effort to clean residual material from the gums.
Powder Adhesives
Powder adhesives offer a lighter seal and are easier to apply and clean. They are a good option for new denture wearers or those needing only a modest boost in stability. The powder is sprinkled lightly over a wet denture surface, forming a thin, uniform layer that activates upon contact with saliva.
Strips and Wafers
Adhesive strips or wafers provide a pre-measured, consistent application, reducing the potential for mess. They offer a reliable, even seal across the denture base and are useful for individuals with dexterity issues who find it difficult to squeeze a tube of cream.
Step-by-Step Application for Maximum Hold
Achieving a secure fit begins with ensuring both the denture and the mouth are thoroughly clean and properly prepared. The denture base should be washed and completely dried, as many adhesives require a dry surface to initiate the strongest possible bond before moisture activates their sealing properties. The gums and residual ridge must also be clean of food debris or old adhesive residue.
For creams, apply the adhesive in three or four small, pea-sized dots or short, thin strips along the crest of the lower denture ridge. Avoid placing the adhesive too close to the edges of the denture to prevent oozing when pressure is applied. Use the minimum amount necessary to form a seal, as excessive adhesive can reduce the hold and cause discomfort.
After application, place the denture carefully into the mouth and press firmly into position over the gum ridge. Biting down for several seconds helps distribute the adhesive evenly and activate the seal. Wait a few minutes before eating or drinking to allow the adhesive polymers to fully swell and solidify, maximizing retention strength.
Managing Day-to-Day Stability and Removal
A properly applied denture adhesive should maintain a stable hold, typically for 12 to 24 hours, providing security throughout a full day of normal activities. To avoid prematurely breaking down the seal, wait at least fifteen minutes before consuming hot liquids or foods, as elevated temperatures can soften the adhesive polymers. Chewing food on both sides of the mouth helps evenly distribute forces, reducing the likelihood of the denture shifting.
At the end of the day, the denture must be removed to allow the oral tissues to rest and to perform necessary hygiene. The seal can be broken by swishing warm water or a non-alcoholic mouthwash, followed by gently rocking the denture from side to side until it loosens. Never attempt to forcefully pull the denture out, as this can damage the oral tissues.
Once removed, both the denture and the mouth must be cleaned to remove all residual adhesive.
Cleaning the Denture
The denture should be scrubbed with a soft brush and a dedicated denture cleanser to remove the tacky film.
Cleaning the Mouth
A soft, wet washcloth or an extra-soft toothbrush should be used to gently wipe the adhesive residue from the gums and the lower jaw ridge, ensuring the tissue remains healthy and free of irritation.
When Adhesive Isn’t Enough
Denture adhesive is a temporary aid for retention, not a permanent solution for a prosthesis that no longer fits properly. If the denture constantly slips, requires increasingly large amounts of adhesive, or causes persistent sore spots, professional adjustment is needed. These symptoms often indicate that the underlying bone structure of the jaw has changed, a natural process known as alveolar ridge resorption.
Over-relying on adhesive can be detrimental because it masks a poorly fitting denture, delaying necessary care such as a reline or repair. The constant need for more adhesive can also signal a developing oral lesion or tissue irritation. Ignoring these signs can lead to serious oral health problems and accelerate bone loss, underscoring the importance of visiting a dental professional for routine checks and adjustments.