Used motor oil from small engines, such as those powering your lawn mower, is a regulated hazardous waste that requires careful disposal. During use, the oil accumulates contaminants like heavy metals (lead and cadmium) and other toxic chemicals. Improperly discarding this used oil can cause extensive environmental damage; the oil from a single change may contaminate up to one million gallons of fresh water. Pouring used oil onto the ground or into storm drains is illegal, allowing toxic substances to seep into the soil and groundwater. Recycling protects the environment and conserves resources, as used oil can be re-refined into new lubricants or processed into fuel oil.
Safely Draining and Storing Used Oil
Warm the engine for a few minutes to allow the oil to flow more easily during the drain. Once the engine is warm, turn it off and disconnect the spark plug wire to prevent accidental starting while you are working. Position a clean, leak-proof drain pan beneath the oil drain plug or spout before removing it with the appropriate wrench to catch the spent lubricant.
Allow the oil to drain completely, which may take some time. Transfer the used oil from the drain pan into a secure storage container for transport. This container should be made of durable plastic, such as a sturdy, high-density polyethylene jug, and must feature a tight-fitting, screw-on cap.
The storage container must not have previously held any other liquids like antifreeze, gasoline, or solvents. Mixing used motor oil with any other substance renders the entire batch unrecyclable and difficult for recycling facilities to process. Clearly label the container as “Used Motor Oil Only” to prevent accidental contamination before taking it to a collection center. Store the sealed container in a cool, dry place away from children and pets until you are ready to drop it off.
Where to Drop Off Used Motor Oil
The most common options for disposing of your sealed container of used oil are local automotive service centers and auto parts retailers. Many of these businesses participate in “Do-It-Yourselfer” (DIY) used oil collection programs and will accept up to five gallons of uncontaminated oil per person at no charge. Look for Certified Used Oil Collection Centers, which are state-approved facilities for handling and storing this material.
Your local municipal recycling center or household hazardous waste facility is another reliable option, often hosting collection events or maintaining permanent drop-off sites. These government-run facilities are equipped to handle a wide range of hazardous materials, including used oil. Before making a trip, contact the facility directly to confirm their acceptance policies, operating hours, and quantity limits.
The primary requirement for acceptance at all drop-off locations is that the used oil must be clean and unmixed with any other fluids. Contaminated oil (with water, antifreeze, or solvents) must be handled as a distinct hazardous waste stream, which most standard collection centers are not permitted to accept. Checking your local waste management website can provide specific details about state and local laws governing collection programs.
Disposing of Filters and Oily Rags
Oil filters and oily rags require special handling due to their residual oil content. A used oil filter contains several ounces of oil that must be removed before disposal. Filters should be gravity-drained for a minimum of 12 to 24 hours at a temperature of at least 60 degrees Fahrenheit, typically by puncturing the anti-drain back valve and allowing the oil to flow into the collection pan.
Once thoroughly drained, the filter can often be recycled as scrap metal at the same collection centers that accept used oil, or placed in the regular trash in some jurisdictions. Used rags, paper towels, and absorbent pads contaminated with oil pose a different challenge, as they can spontaneously combust if piled up and are typically prohibited from regular household trash. Rags with free-flowing liquid are considered hazardous waste, but damp or soiled rags may be managed through industrial laundry services for cleaning and reuse.
If a dedicated recycling program for oily rags is unavailable, they should be stored in a sealed, non-combustible container, such as a metal can with a tight lid. Store them until you can take them to a household hazardous waste collection event. Proper disposal of these materials ensures that residual oil does not leach into the environment and that combustible materials are managed safely.