A spirometer is a medical device designed to measure lung function, specifically the volume of air a person can inhale or exhale and the rate at which they do so. This instrument is routinely used to diagnose and monitor conditions like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Maintaining a clean spirometer is necessary for ensuring the accuracy of the test results and preventing the transmission of respiratory pathogens between users.
Preparing the Spirometer for Cleaning
If the spirometer is an electronic or computerized model, it must be completely unplugged and disconnected from all power sources to prevent electrical shock or damage. This step safeguards the electronic components from exposure to cleaning liquids. Cleaning frequency varies; clinical devices require daily or inter-patient cleaning, while home-use devices generally need weekly maintenance. Always follow the manufacturer’s user manual, as cleaning protocols differ significantly between flow sensor types.
Proper preparation involves careful disassembly of the removable parts that come into direct contact with the patient’s breath. These parts typically include the mouthpiece, tubing, and the flow sensor or turbine, which must be separated from the main electronic unit. The main body, or electronic housing, should be set aside, as it cannot be submerged in liquid. Disassembling the device ensures that cleaning and disinfecting agents can reach all internal surfaces that may harbor microbial contamination.
Approved Methods for Cleaning and Disinfection
The process of decontaminating a spirometer involves two distinct steps: cleaning and subsequent disinfection. Cleaning focuses on the physical removal of visible soil, debris, or organic matter using warm water and a mild, non-abrasive detergent. Use soapy water to rub the surfaces of non-electronic components, like the mouthpiece and flowhead parts, ensuring they are visibly clean before disinfection.
Disinfection kills germs and pathogens on the cleaned surfaces, often using chemical solutions for cold sterilization. Approved methods for non-electronic, detachable components include soaking them in a 70% isopropyl alcohol solution or a specific bleach dilution, such as a 5% solution for 5 to 10 minutes. The main electronic unit or housing, which cannot be submerged, should be wiped down thoroughly with a 70% isopropyl alcohol-impregnated cloth or a specialized virucidal disinfectant wipe. When using a soaking method, parts must remain immersed for the time recommended by the manufacturer. After the required soak time, all components must be rinsed thoroughly with clean, potable water to remove any chemical residue.
Essential Drying and Reassembly Steps
After rinsing, excess water should be shaken off the components, and they should be placed on a clean surface to air dry completely before reassembly. Residual moisture can impair airflow accuracy and promote microbial growth within the device. Air drying is the preferred method; never use heat from a hair dryer or oven, as excessive heat can warp or damage the delicate sensors and plastic parts. Using a cloth or towel to dry internal components is discouraged because it can leave lint or fibers that interfere with the flow sensor’s operation.
Once all components are entirely dry, visually inspect them to ensure no liquid or particles remain in the grooves or holes. The parts can then be reassembled in the reverse order of disassembly, ensuring all connections are secure and properly aligned. Following reassembly, a calibration verification is recommended to confirm the device is operating accurately before patient testing. The cleaned spirometer should be stored in a dry, dust-free environment until its next use.