A spirometer is a medical device used to measure the volume and speed of air inhaled and exhaled, providing healthcare professionals with an assessment of lung function. Maintaining this instrument requires a strict cleaning regimen for two distinct reasons: preserving the accuracy of the measurements and preventing the transmission of respiratory contaminants between users. Because moisture, foreign particles, and chemical residues can all interfere with the device’s sensitive flow sensors, proper cleaning is an integral part of routine spirometry maintenance. This process must distinguish carefully between the device’s electronic core and the reusable components that contact the patient’s breath.
Preparation and Safety Precautions
Before cleaning, consult the manufacturer’s specific instructions, as protocols vary significantly between models and brands. Always ensure the spirometer is powered completely off and unplugged from the wall outlet to prevent electrical damage. Separate all reusable components that contact the user, such as the mouthpiece, nose clips, and external tubing, from the main electronic housing. This electronic unit, which contains the display and internal circuits, must never be submerged in any liquid, as water infiltration will permanently damage the device.
Sanitizing Reusable Patient Contact Parts
Components that handle the user’s breath, like reusable mouthpieces and the flow sensor mechanism (turbine or flowhead), require a thorough wet cleaning process. First, clean these parts in warm water mixed with a mild dish soap to remove visible debris and organic matter. High-level disinfection is then recommended using a chemical solution, such as a diluted bleach mixture (approximately 5%) or a professional-grade peracetic acid disinfectant. Soak the parts for the time specified by the manufacturer, typically 5 to 15 minutes, gently agitating them to ensure the solution penetrates all internal surfaces.
After disinfection, a comprehensive rinse is necessary to remove all chemical residue, which could otherwise degrade components or irritate the next user’s respiratory tract. Rinse the parts multiple times using clean, potable or deionized water, which prevents the buildup of mineral deposits that interfere with flow measurements. Avoid placing the flow sensor or turbine directly under a strong stream of running water, as the force can damage the delicate internal mechanism. Finally, inspect all parts visually to confirm that no soap, bleach, or foreign matter remains.
Care for the Main Unit and Flow Sensor
The main electronic housing and display screen must be cleaned using a method that minimizes moisture exposure. Wipe the exterior surfaces down with a pre-moistened cloth or a 70% isopropyl alcohol wipe to achieve low-level disinfection. Ensure that no excess liquid drips into seams, buttons, or connection ports on the device casing.
The internal flow sensor, especially if it uses a delicate element like a fine mesh, demands specialized attention because its precision relies on its clean, unobstructed design. When cleaning this part, avoid manually scrubbing or rubbing the sensitive measuring components, as this can destroy the calibration or cause structural damage. If a bacterial or viral filter is not used, contamination of the flow sensor’s interior can occur, necessitating rigorous disassembly and cleaning, but always without aggressive mechanical action. Using a fresh bacterial-viral filter for every patient is the best defense against contamination, as it significantly reduces the need for frequent, deep internal cleaning.
Drying, Storage, and Cleaning Frequency
Thorough drying is necessary before reassembly and use, as residual moisture significantly impairs the spirometer’s accuracy by disrupting airflow readings. After rinsing, air-dry components completely by arranging them separately on a clean surface, allowing air to circulate freely. To accelerate drying, a can of compressed air or a hairdryer set to a low, cool setting can gently remove water from the internal tubes and the flow sensor.
Once fully dry, the reusable components can be reassembled and the entire unit can be stored in a clean, protected, and dust-free environment. For hygiene, wipe down the external surfaces of the main unit and the flow sensor exterior after every testing session. Reusable patient contact components, such as mouthpieces and tubing, require deep cleaning and disinfection weekly, or immediately if contamination is suspected or the device is used by multiple people.