A reusable respirator, typically an elastomeric half or full facepiece, relies on a proper seal and functional filters to protect the wearer from airborne hazards. Regular, specific cleaning is required to maintain the seal and material integrity, ensuring the device remains compliant with safety standards. These instructions apply only to elastomeric respirators, not single-use items like disposable N95 masks, which cannot be safely cleaned or reused. Proper care after each use prevents material degradation and the accumulation of contaminants that could compromise effectiveness.
Essential Pre-Cleaning Steps
Before washing, begin with a thorough visual inspection and complete disassembly of the unit. Always consult the manufacturer’s instructions, as specific models may have unique requirements for cleaning agents or component removal. The goal is to separate all parts that can be safely washed from those that cannot.
First, remove all filters, cartridges, and pre-filters from the facepiece. These filtering components must never be washed, as moisture destroys the filtration media and compromises their ability to block particulates or gases. Discard used filters or store reusable ones in a clean, non-contaminated area away from the cleaning process. Separate the facepiece, head straps, valve covers, and gaskets to ensure all surfaces are accessible for cleaning.
Inspect the disassembled components for visible signs of wear or damage that would prevent the mask from forming an adequate seal. Look for cracks, tears, or hardening in the elastomeric material, especially around the face seal area. Check head straps for lost elasticity or fraying, and examine plastic parts for fatigue or cracking. If structural damage is found, the affected component must be replaced before the respirator can be safely returned to service.
Step-by-Step Washing and Rinsing Protocol
Prepare a cleaning solution using warm water and a mild cleaning agent. The water temperature must not exceed 120°F (49°C) to prevent damage or distortion to the elastomeric and plastic components. Use a neutral detergent or mild soap, but avoid cleaners containing lanolin or oils, which can degrade the rubber materials.
Immerse the disassembled mask body, head harness, and valve components in the solution. Gently scrub the components using a soft brush until all visible dirt, sweat, and residue are removed. Pay particular attention to the interior surfaces, the crevices around the valve seats, and the face seal area, as these accumulate the most organic material.
Disinfection
If disinfection is required, such as after exposure to biological hazards, the components may be soaked in an approved solution. Examples include a quaternary ammonia compound or diluted sodium hypochlorite solution (e.g., one ounce of bleach per two gallons of water). Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions for the specific disinfectant and required contact time. Avoid harsh chemicals like solvents or high-concentration alcohol unless explicitly permitted, as they can degrade the facepiece or cloud a full facepiece lens.
After washing and disinfection, thoroughly rinse all components with clean, fresh water. All traces of soap or disinfectant must be completely removed, as residue can cause skin irritation or damage the materials over time. Ensure water reaches all internal channels and valve areas to eliminate lingering chemical traces.
Inspection, Reassembly, and Storage
After washing, the components must be dried fully in a clean, non-contaminated environment. Air drying is the only approved method; heat from ovens, sunlight, or hair dryers can cause the elastomeric material to warp, crack, or lose flexibility, rendering the respirator unsafe. All parts must be completely dry before reassembly to prevent the growth of mold or mildew.
Once dry, perform a final inspection to confirm component integrity. Check the thin rubber discs of the inhalation and exhalation valves for tears, creases, or distortion, as their function prevents inward leakage. The head straps must retain their original elasticity, and the face seal must be pliable and free of stiffness.
Reassemble the respirator by carefully reconnecting the cleaned components and installing new or designated filters and cartridges. After reassembly, perform a user seal check using both positive-pressure and negative-pressure methods to confirm an airtight seal against the face.
Store the cleaned and fully dry respirator in a dedicated, clean container, such as a sealed plastic bag or case. The storage location must be cool, dry, and away from direct sunlight, extreme temperatures, and damaging chemicals, which accelerate material degradation.