Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped glands that serve as a component of the body’s immune system. They act as filters, monitoring and cleansing the lymph fluid that circulates throughout the body by trapping harmful substances such as bacteria, viruses, and abnormal cells. These small structures, numbering around 600, are distributed across various regions, including the neck, armpits, and groin. Becoming familiar with how to check these nodes, including those located in the groin, helps individuals gain awareness of their own body and identify any changes.
Understanding Groin Lymph Nodes
The lymph nodes located in the groin are known as inguinal lymph nodes. They are situated in the crease where the inner thigh meets the lower abdomen, with some superficial nodes near the skin’s surface and deeper ones within the thigh’s connective tissue. These nodes are small, pea-sized or smaller, and may feel soft, movable, and barely palpable. A normal inguinal lymph node usually measures about 1/4 inch in width.
Inguinal lymph nodes filter lymph fluid from the lower extremities, external genitalia, and the lower abdominal wall. They contain immune cells, such as lymphocytes, which identify and eliminate foreign invaders or damaged cells from this fluid. These nodes may temporarily enlarge due to common, benign reasons. Localized infections, such as ingrown hairs, minor cuts on the legs or feet, athlete’s foot, or other skin irritations in the lower body, can cause them to swell as they fight off infection.
Step-by-Step Guide to Self-Examination
To examine your groin lymph nodes, find a comfortable position, such as lying flat on your back, and ensure good lighting. This relaxes the muscles, making examination easier. Check both sides of your groin for comparison to identify differences.
Use the pads of your fingertips for the examination. Gently apply medium pressure and use circular motions to palpate the area. Begin by feeling along the crease where your thigh meets your pelvis, scanning horizontally just below the inguinal ligament. Then, extend your examination vertically along the upper inner thigh.
As you palpate, note any lumps or nodes. Assess their size (e.g., pea-sized or larger) and shape (round or oval), consistency (soft, firm, rubbery, or hard), and whether they are mobile or fixed. Observe any tenderness or pain. Compare findings between both sides to identify new or unusual changes.
Interpreting Your Findings and When to Seek Medical Advice
Normal groin lymph nodes are typically small, soft, movable, and non-tender, or may not be palpable at all. Swollen nodes often indicate your body is fighting an infection or inflammation.
Certain characteristics of swollen lymph nodes warrant medical evaluation. Seek medical advice if a node is significantly enlarged, exceeding 1/2 inch in width. Other concerning signs include nodes that feel hard, are fixed to surrounding tissue, appear irregularly shaped, or are persistently swollen without tenderness. If the swelling does not resolve within a few weeks, medical consultation is recommended.
Consider any accompanying symptoms. If swollen groin lymph nodes are present alongside unexplained weight loss, night sweats, fever, persistent fatigue, or ongoing pain, consult a healthcare professional. Swelling that has no obvious cause, such as a skin infection or injury, should also be evaluated. Self-examination is a tool for awareness, not diagnosis. Only a healthcare provider can accurately diagnose the cause of swollen lymph nodes and recommend appropriate management.