A nasal cannula is a medical device designed to deliver supplemental oxygen to individuals who experience lower-than-normal oxygen levels. It consists of a flexible tube with two small prongs that rest just inside the nostrils. The other end of the tubing connects to an oxygen source, allowing a continuous flow of oxygen to enter the respiratory system. This device is commonly used in various settings, from hospitals to homes, to support individuals with conditions affecting their breathing.
Getting Ready
Before applying a nasal cannula, gather all necessary supplies. You will need the nasal cannula, an oxygen source (concentrator or tank), and potentially a humidifier bottle with distilled water if prescribed. Position an oxygen concentrator at least 12 inches away from walls or furniture for proper air circulation.
Plug the concentrator’s electrical cord into a wall outlet, avoiding extension cords. If using a humidifier bottle, fill it with distilled water and securely attach it to the concentrator’s outlet. Perform hand hygiene before handling the equipment to prevent microorganism spread.
Applying the Cannula
Connect the nasal cannula to the oxygen source. The end of the cannula tubing, opposite the prongs, has a connector that fits onto the oxygen source’s outlet. Ensure this connection is secure and free of kinks to prevent oxygen leaks and maintain consistent flow.
Adjust the oxygen flow rate to the level prescribed by a healthcare provider. Oxygen flow rate is measured in liters per minute (LPM). Most concentrators have a dial or digital display; turn it slowly to the prescribed setting. Do not change this rate without consulting a healthcare professional, as too much or too little oxygen can be detrimental.
Position the nasal cannula on your face. Insert the prongs gently into the nostrils, pointing downwards and following the natural curve of the nasal passages. Wrap the tubing around the ears, like eyeglasses. A slider on the tubing, under the chin, allows for adjustment to ensure a snug yet comfortable fit, preventing shifting while remaining secure without causing discomfort or pinching.
Maintaining Comfort and Effectiveness
After applying the nasal cannula, ongoing attention to fit and hygiene ensures comfort and therapy effectiveness. Regularly check that the cannula remains properly positioned, with prongs securely in the nostrils and tubing free from kinks or twists that could obstruct oxygen flow. A proper fit means the cannula rests comfortably and does not cause excessive pressure or rubbing.
Skin irritation is a common concern, particularly behind the ears and under the nose, due to constant contact with the tubing. To mitigate this, use water-based lotions or lubricants on affected areas, avoiding oil-based products like petroleum jelly, which can interfere with oxygen delivery or pose a fire risk. Padding or fabric medical tape can also be placed under the tubing behind the ears to reduce friction and prevent soreness. Some cannulas are available with softer materials or foam strips for enhanced comfort.
Maintain hygiene of the nasal cannula and nostrils to prevent bacterial buildup and irritation. Wipe the nasal prongs daily with a clean, damp cloth. A more thorough cleaning with mild soap and water is recommended at least once a week. After cleaning, ensure the cannula and tubing are completely air-dried before reattaching them to the oxygen source. Replace the nasal cannula every 2 to 4 weeks, or more frequently if it becomes discolored, stiff, or if you have been ill.
Contact a healthcare provider if you experience persistent discomfort, signs of skin breakdown, or if the oxygen flow seems incorrect. Symptoms such as pale or blue lips, fever, rapid breathing, nasal flaring, wheezing, or grunting while breathing warrant immediate medical attention. These signs may indicate an issue with oxygen delivery or a change in your respiratory condition requiring professional assessment.