Nasal drops are topical medications designed to deliver active ingredients directly to the nasal cavity and sinuses, providing local relief for congestion or inflammation. Correct administration is paramount; improper use can cause the medication to run down the throat, reducing effectiveness. Mastering the procedure ensures the medication reaches the intended area for absorption.
Preparing the Medication and Patient
Before starting, wash hands thoroughly with soap and water to prevent the transfer of germs. Check the medication label to confirm the correct dosage and ensure the product has not expired or become contaminated. If the drops are a suspension, gently shake the bottle to ensure the active ingredients are evenly distributed.
Correct physical alignment allows gravity to guide the drops into the nasal passages rather than down the throat. Adults and older children should lie on their back with the head tilted back, often by hanging the head slightly over the edge of a bed or couch. This posture ensures the nostrils are pointed upward for optimal drug delivery.
The Administration Procedure
Once positioned, gently blow the nose to clear excess mucus, allowing the medication to contact the nasal membrane directly. Remove the cap and examine the dropper tip for chips or cracks. Position the dropper tip just inside the nostril opening without making contact with the inner nasal wall, which prevents contamination.
Squeeze the dropper gently to instill the prescribed number of drops, breathing slowly through the mouth. Remain in the head-tilted position for at least two to three minutes after administration. This sustained posture allows the medication time to flow into the deeper nasal and sinus areas, maximizing absorption. Avoid sniffing or blowing the nose immediately, as this action can pull the medicine into the throat or expel it.
Age-Specific Techniques and Safety
Administering nasal drops to infants and young children requires modified techniques. Lay the baby flat on their back and cradle their head with one arm to keep them still. Administering drops just before a feeding can be beneficial, as the infant’s natural swallowing action may help draw the medicine deeper into the nasal cavity.
Hygiene protocols are necessary to prevent the spread of infection and maintain medication integrity. Never share nasal drop bottles or droppers, as this transfers bacteria or viruses between individuals. If the dropper is separate, clean the tip after each use with warm water or a clean tissue before replacing the cap. Nasal drops typically have a short shelf life once opened, requiring disposal within 28 days or upon completion of the prescribed treatment period.