A suppository is a small, solid medication designed for insertion into a body orifice, such as the rectum or vagina. Once inside, body warmth causes it to melt or dissolve, releasing medication for local treatment or systemic absorption. This delivery method is often used when oral medication is not feasible, such as due to difficulty swallowing, vomiting, or rapid drug breakdown in the digestive tract. While the process may seem unfamiliar, administering a suppository is a straightforward procedure once the correct steps are understood.
Preparing for Suppository Administration
Before administration, gather necessary items and prepare the suppository. Wash hands thoroughly with soap and warm water to prevent bacteria. Ensure you have the suppository, a water-based lubricant if needed, and tissues readily available. If the suppository feels soft, harden it by holding it under cool water in its wrapper or by placing it in the refrigerator for a few minutes. Carefully remove the suppository from its packaging just before use.
Administering Rectal Suppositories
Administering a rectal suppository requires specific positioning and careful insertion to ensure effectiveness. A comfortable position is lying on the left side with the lower leg straightened and the upper leg bent toward the stomach (Sims position). Alternatively, stand with one foot elevated on a chair. Gently separate the buttocks to expose the anal area.
Insert the suppository with the pointed end first for easier entry. Moisten it with water or a water-based lubricant; avoid petroleum jelly as it can prevent melting. Gently push the suppository past the anal sphincter. For adults, insert 1 to 3 inches deep; for children, about 2 inches; and for infants, approximately half an inch. Proper depth ensures the suppository remains inside and releases medication effectively.
After insertion, remain still, sitting or lying down, for at least 5 to 15 minutes to allow dissolution and prevent expulsion. Unless it is a laxative, avoid a bowel movement for about an hour to allow for medication absorption.
Administering Vaginal Suppositories
Vaginal suppositories require a similar careful approach for proper administration. Comfortable positions include lying on your back with knees bent and feet flat, or standing with knees bent and feet apart, or with one foot raised on a chair. Wash your hands and the vaginal area with mild soap and warm water before patting dry. Unwrap the suppository; if an applicator is provided, load it as directed. Some suppositories are designed for finger insertion.
Gently insert the applicator or your finger into the vagina as far as it comfortably goes. If using an applicator, press the plunger to release the suppository into the vaginal canal. Aim insertion slightly towards the lower back for optimal placement. After insertion, remove the applicator and clean it according to package instructions. Remain in a reclined position for at least 10 minutes to help the suppository stay in place and dissolve.
After Administration: What to Expect and Do
Following suppository administration, it is normal to experience the sensation of the suppository dissolving or a slight discharge as the medication base melts. Rectal suppositories typically take 15 to 60 minutes to dissolve, while vaginal suppositories usually dissolve within 15 to 30 minutes, though some can take longer.
After the waiting period, dispose of all used materials and wash your hands again. Avoid strenuous activity for about an hour after administration, especially for rectal suppositories. If the suppository is expelled immediately and cannot be reinserted, or if you experience severe pain, bleeding, or signs of an allergic reaction like rash or difficulty breathing, contact a healthcare professional promptly.