Tarragon, a culinary herb, offers a distinct flavor valued in kitchens worldwide. Propagating this aromatic plant allows gardeners to expand their collection, replace older specimens, or share with others. Cultivating tarragon from existing plants provides a reliable way to ensure a continuous supply.
Understanding Tarragon Propagation
Tarragon propagation typically occurs in spring or early summer, aligning with the plant’s active growth. French tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus ‘Sativa’) is sterile, meaning it does not produce viable seeds. Therefore, French tarragon propagation relies on vegetative methods like cuttings or division. Russian tarragon (Artemisia dracunculoides) and Mexican tarragon (Tagetes lucida) can be grown from seed.
Propagating by Cuttings
Propagating tarragon from stem cuttings is an effective method. Select healthy, non-flowering stems 4 to 8 inches long from a mature plant, ideally in late spring or early summer. Make a clean cut just below a leaf node. Remove leaves from the lower third to half of the cutting, leaving a few at the top for photosynthesis.
Dipping the cut end into a rooting hormone can increase success. Plant prepared cuttings into a well-draining potting medium, such as a mix of peat and perlite or sand. Insert the cutting deep enough so leafless nodes are buried, then gently firm the soil around the base. Maintain consistent moisture, avoid overwatering, and place the pot in a warm location with indirect sunlight. Roots typically form within four to six weeks.
Propagating by Division
Dividing an established tarragon plant is a reliable method, particularly beneficial for French tarragon. It also helps rejuvenate older plants. The optimal time for division is in early spring, as new growth begins. Carefully dig up the entire mature plant.
Gently separate the root ball into smaller sections, ensuring each section has roots and healthy stems. A sharp knife can cut through tangled roots if necessary. Replant divisions at the same depth as the original plant, spacing them adequately for future growth. This method yields multiple new plants.
Propagating from Seed
Propagating tarragon from seed is viable for Russian (Artemisia dracunculoides) and Mexican tarragon (Tagetes lucida), but not French tarragon due to its sterility. Seeds can be started indoors six to eight weeks before the last frost or directly sown outdoors after frost danger.
Lightly press seeds onto the surface of a well-draining seed-starting mix, as tarragon seeds require light for germination. Maintain consistent moisture and a soil temperature between 60°F and 75°F for optimal germination. Germination typically occurs within one to two weeks. Once seedlings develop their first true leaves, they can be transplanted.
Caring for Newly Propagated Tarragon
Once established, proper care ensures continued healthy growth. All tarragon varieties prefer full sun. Well-draining soil is crucial, as tarragon does not tolerate overly wet conditions. Amending heavy soils with compost or sand can improve drainage.
Watering should be consistent for newly planted tarragon until established. Once mature, it is drought-tolerant and requires infrequent watering. Allow soil to dry out between waterings. Avoid excessive fertilization, as highly fertile soil can diminish the flavor. Regularly harvesting leaves encourages bushier growth; if starting indoors, gradually acclimate plants to outdoor conditions before transplanting permanently.