Shasta daisies (Leucanthemum × superbum) are admired garden plants, known for their classic white petals and vibrant yellow centers. These cheerful flowers bring beauty to borders, cottage gardens, and cutting gardens. Propagation offers a practical way to multiply existing plants, rejuvenate older clumps, or share these perennials with others.
When to Propagate Shasta Daisies
The most favorable periods for propagating shasta daisies occur in spring or late summer to early fall. Propagating in spring, after the last frost and when new growth begins, allows young plants time to establish roots before summer heat. Late summer or early fall propagation, after the main blooming season but before the first hard frost, provides a window for root development in still-warm soil before winter. Cooler temperatures and moderate moisture reduce stress, fostering robust root growth.
Methods for Shasta Daisy Propagation
Division
Dividing shasta daisies is a common and effective method, often recommended every two to three years to maintain plant vigor and prevent overcrowding. This process yields multiple new plants.
Begin by cutting back foliage to about 6 inches above the soil line. This makes the plant easier to handle and minimizes moisture loss during division.
Carefully dig around the plant, 4 to 6 inches from the main stems, using a spade or garden fork to loosen the soil and lift the root ball. Once out of the ground, gently shake off excess soil to expose the roots. For smaller clumps, gently pull apart individual sections by hand, ensuring each division has a portion of the crown, several stems, and a healthy root system. For larger clumps, use a sharp knife or spade to cut through the root ball, aiming for divisions roughly 6 inches square with healthy roots. Discard any woody or unproductive central parts.
Prepare new planting holes slightly larger than the divisions’ root balls, incorporating compost or aged manure. Position each division so its crown sits at the same depth as its original location. Backfill with soil, gently firming it around the roots to remove air pockets, then water thoroughly. Space replanted divisions 18 to 24 inches apart for mature growth and good air circulation.
From Seed
Propagating shasta daisies from seed is an economical way to produce many plants, though it takes longer to achieve mature, blooming plants. Seeds can be started indoors 6 to 8 weeks before the last spring frost or sown directly outdoors when soil temperatures reach around 70°F (21°C). For indoor sowing, use seed trays with a sterile, well-draining seed-starting mix. Moisten the mix thoroughly but avoid saturation.
Lightly sprinkle shasta daisy seeds on the surface of the prepared mix, as they often require light for germination. Gently press them into the soil, or cover with a very thin layer (about 1/8 inch) of starting mix. Maintain consistent moisture using a spray bottle to avoid disturbing the tiny seeds. Optimal germination temperatures are between 65°F and 75°F (18°C-24°C), with germination typically occurring within 10 to 20 days.
Once seedlings develop at least two sets of true leaves, transplant them into individual pots if started in shared trays. Before transplanting outdoors, gradually acclimate young plants to outdoor conditions over a week, a process known as hardening off.
Direct sowing outdoors involves preparing a weed-free bed with loosened soil. Scatter seeds evenly, lightly press them into the soil, and maintain consistent moisture until germination. Thin seedlings once a few inches tall to ensure proper spacing. Plants grown from seed usually bloom in their second year.
From Cuttings
Propagating shasta daisies from stem cuttings creates new plants genetically identical to the parent. This method is best undertaken when the plant is actively growing, typically in late spring to early summer. Select healthy, non-flowering stems, as the plant’s energy can then focus on root development.
Using clean, sharp pruners, make a cut just below a leaf node, ensuring the cutting is 5 to 6 inches long. Remove lower leaves from the bottom half of the cutting to prevent rot and expose nodes where roots will form. While optional, dipping the cut end in rooting hormone can stimulate root growth. Plant the prepared cutting into a well-draining rooting medium, such as perlite and peat moss, ensuring at least one node is buried.
Maintain a warm and humid environment for the cuttings. This can be achieved by covering pots with a plastic dome or bag, or by placing them in a propagator. Keep the rooting medium consistently moist but not waterlogged to prevent fungal issues.
Place the cuttings in a location with indirect sunlight. Roots typically develop within a few weeks, and new leaf growth indicates successful rooting. Once rooted, new plants can be transplanted into individual pots or directly into the garden in the fall.
Caring for Newly Propagated Shasta Daisies
After propagation, consistent care helps newly established shasta daisy plants thrive. Immediately after planting divisions or seedlings, water them thoroughly to settle the soil around the roots. Continue to water regularly, especially during dry periods, to ensure the soil remains consistently moist but not waterlogged, which is crucial for root development.
Position new plants in a location that receives full sun (at least six hours of direct sunlight daily) for optimal growth and flowering. While shasta daisies tolerate some partial shade, full sun promotes vigorous blooms. Applying a light layer of mulch around the base of the plants helps retain soil moisture, regulate soil temperature, and suppress weed growth. Protect young plants from extreme weather, such as intense heat or late frosts, until well-established. Monitor for any signs of pests or diseases and address them promptly.