Ficus retusa, known as the Ginseng Ficus or Banyan Fig, is a popular houseplant and a favored subject for bonsai due to its glossy foliage and distinctive aerial roots. Enthusiasts often propagate this plant to expand their collection or share it, finding it a rewarding experience. This article guides you through effective techniques to propagate Ficus retusa successfully.
Choosing a Propagation Method
Two primary methods for propagating Ficus retusa are stem cuttings and air layering. Stem cuttings are generally preferred for producing multiple smaller plants from existing growth, offering a straightforward approach for beginners. This method is suitable for a more compact replica of the parent plant.
Air layering creates a new, larger plant that retains more characteristics of the mature parent branch. This method develops a more established plant directly from a selected branch, often yielding faster results for a substantial specimen. The choice depends on your goals for the new plant and available resources.
Propagating by Stem Cuttings
Propagate Ficus retusa from stem cuttings in late spring to early summer when the plant is actively growing. Select healthy, non-flowering stems, 4 to 6 inches long, with at least two to three leaves. Remove lower leaves to expose at least one node where roots can form. Wear gloves during this process, as the plant’s milky sap can be irritating.
Insert the cutting into a moist rooting medium, such as a 1:1 mixture of perlite and peat moss, or vermiculite and sand. Keep the medium consistently moist but not waterlogged. Cover the pot with a clear plastic bag or dome to create a humid environment. Place the covered cutting in a location that receives bright, indirect light, maintaining warm temperatures between 70 to 75 degrees Fahrenheit.
Roots typically form within four to six weeks. Test for rooting by gently tugging the cutting; resistance indicates establishment. New foliage growth will also appear once rooted. Rooting hormone can be used, but Ficus species root readily without it.
Propagating by Air Layering
Air layering is an effective method for propagating Ficus retusa, especially for creating larger, more mature plants. Perform this process in spring or early summer. Select a healthy, mature branch, about the thickness of a pencil. Using a clean, sharp knife, make an incision completely around the stem, then a second cut about one inch below the first.
Remove the ring of bark between these two cuts, scraping away all the soft green cambium layer to prevent healing. You can insert a small toothpick or matchstick into the cut to keep it open. Apply a rooting hormone to the exposed area, though Ficus can root without it. Wrap the wounded section with moist sphagnum moss, ensuring it completely covers the cut.
Secure the moss with clear plastic wrap, tying both the top and bottom tightly to retain moisture. Monitor the moss to ensure it remains moist. Roots should become visible through the plastic wrap within 90 to 120 days. Once a substantial root system develops, cut the branch just below the new roots, separating the new plant from the parent.
Caring for New Ficus Retusa Plants
Once Ficus retusa cuttings or air layers develop a robust root system, they are ready for potting. For cuttings, this typically occurs when roots are about 3 to 5 centimeters long, or after four to six weeks. Choose a well-draining potting mix, such as potting soil, peat, and perlite or sand.
Transfer the new plant into its pot, settling the root ball gently. Place the newly potted plant in bright, indirect light, gradually acclimating it to less humid conditions. Water thoroughly when the top half-inch to one inch of soil feels dry, avoiding overwatering. Begin a diluted liquid fertilizer regimen every two weeks during the active growing season, once the plant establishes.
Common Propagation Challenges
Challenges can arise when propagating Ficus retusa. Cuttings may fail to root or rot if the rooting medium is too wet or temperatures are too cool. Ensure proper drainage and consistent warmth (70-75°F) to prevent these issues. Unhealthy parent material can also contribute to rooting failure.
Air layers might not develop roots if the cambium layer was not fully removed, allowing the wound to heal. Insufficient moisture within the sphagnum moss wrap can hinder root development. Regularly check moisture levels and ensure the wrap is sealed tightly. Using sterile tools minimizes the risk of introducing diseases.