Chives (Allium schoenoprasum) are a hardy perennial herb favored for their mild, onion-like flavor and ease of cultivation. This member of the onion family grows in tufts of slender, hollow leaves. Propagating chives is a straightforward process necessary for maintaining the long-term vigor of a patch. Gardeners typically use one of two methods: dividing established root clumps or starting plants from seed. Both techniques refresh older plants and allow you to expand your herb garden.
Propagating Chives Through Division
Division is the simplest and fastest method for propagating chives, offering instant, established clumps. Perform this process in early spring as new growth begins or in early fall before dormancy. To maintain productivity, divide well-established clumps every two to four years. Lift the entire clump from the soil using a spade or garden fork, digging carefully around the perimeter to preserve the shallow root system.
Once the root ball is out of the ground, shake off excess soil to expose the clustered bulbs and fibrous roots. Separate the large clump into smaller sections, which can often be teased apart by hand. A sharp knife may be needed to slice through very dense root masses. Each new division needs a healthy portion of roots and foliage, ideally 10 to 15 small bulbs, for a robust start.
Prepare the new planting site by incorporating organic matter. Plant the divisions at the same depth they were previously growing, ensuring the crown is just at the soil surface. Space the new clumps 6 to 12 inches apart. Immediately after replanting, water the soil thoroughly to settle the roots.
Starting Chives From Seed
Starting chives from seed is effective for growing a large number of plants or establishing a new variety. Seeds germinate best in warm soil, between 60°F and 75°F. Sow seeds indoors six to eight weeks before the last expected frost date to get a head start.
Use a sterile seed-starting mix and plant the seeds shallowly, about one-quarter inch deep. Sow multiple seeds (5 to 10) per cell, as chives naturally grow in clumps. Germination is slow, often taking 10 to 20 days, so maintain consistent moisture.
Once seedlings develop true leaves and all danger of frost has passed, they can be transplanted outdoors. Thin the multiple seedlings in each cell to a manageable clump of three to five plants. Transplant these clusters into the garden, spacing the entire clump 4 to 6 inches apart.
Essential Care for Newly Propagated Chive Plants
The successful establishment of newly propagated chives hinges on providing optimal growing conditions immediately after planting. Chives perform best in full sun (at least six hours of direct sunlight daily), though they tolerate light afternoon shade. The soil must be fertile and well-drained, with a slightly acidic to neutral pH between 6.0 and 7.0.
Newly planted divisions and seedlings require consistent moisture to encourage rapid root development. Water the plants regularly, keeping the soil consistently moist but never waterlogged, as excessive saturation can lead to root rot. Drought stress causes the foliage to become tough and reduces productivity.
Chives are not heavy feeders, especially if the soil was amended with organic compost prior to planting. Supplemental fertilization is light; a single application of balanced liquid fertilizer in spring is sufficient to support vigorous growth. Wait until newly established plants show significant new growth before harvesting. Harvest the tubular leaves by snipping them one to two inches above the soil line, ensuring foliage remains for photosynthesis.