Lewy body dementia (LBD) is an umbrella term for two related types of dementia: dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD). Both conditions involve abnormal clumps of alpha-synuclein protein, known as Lewy bodies, which accumulate in brain cells and interfere with brain chemicals. These deposits can lead to problems with thinking, movement, behavior, and mood. Understanding potential risk factors and adopting certain strategies may help reduce the likelihood of LBD development.
Understanding Lewy Body Dementia Risk Factors
Age is the primary risk factor for LBD, with most individuals developing the condition after age 50, and the risk increasing significantly after age 65. Men appear to have a slightly higher risk of LBD compared to women. While LBD is not typically inherited, a family history of LBD or Parkinson’s disease can elevate risk. However, genetic risk does not guarantee disease development, as lifestyle factors also play a role.
Beyond non-modifiable factors like age and genetics, certain health conditions and lifestyle aspects are associated with an increased risk of LBD. Conditions such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes are linked to a higher risk for dementia, including LBD. Sleep disturbances, particularly REM sleep behavior disorder, and a loss of smell have also been connected to an elevated risk. Additionally, some research suggests environmental exposures, including certain air pollutants and heavy metals, may contribute to the risk by influencing alpha-synuclein aggregation.
Lifestyle Approaches for Risk Reduction
Adopting a brain-healthy diet can help reduce dementia risk. The Mediterranean diet, which emphasizes whole grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts, fish, and healthy fats like olive oil, has been linked to improved brain health and slower cognitive decline. This dietary pattern is rich in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory nutrients, which help protect brain cells.
Regular physical activity supports brain function. Engaging in activities such as walking, swimming, or dancing can improve blood flow to the brain, promote neuroplasticity, and reduce inflammation. Studies indicate that consistent exercise may slow cognitive decline in individuals at risk for dementia. Aim for approximately 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise each week for overall health.
Keeping the mind active through cognitive engagement can also contribute to brain health. Activities like reading, solving puzzles, learning new skills, or engaging in mentally stimulating hobbies may help maintain cognitive function. Social interaction is another beneficial aspect of cognitive health, as spending time with others and participating in social activities can support overall well-being and potentially delay the onset of dementia.
Prioritizing quality sleep is also important. Addressing sleep disorders and practicing good sleep hygiene can benefit brain health. Avoiding harmful substances like excessive alcohol consumption and smoking is advised, as both have been linked to an increased risk of dementia and can negatively impact blood vessel health.
Managing Underlying Health Conditions
Proactive management of chronic health conditions helps reduce dementia risk. Maintaining healthy cardiovascular function is particularly important, as conditions such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and heart disease can impact blood flow to the brain. Regularly monitoring and treating these conditions with a healthcare provider can help protect brain blood vessels from damage.
Controlling blood sugar levels is another important aspect, especially for individuals with diabetes. Poorly managed diabetes can increase the risk of dementia, making consistent blood sugar control a beneficial preventative measure. Addressing obesity is also relevant, as excess weight is associated with a higher risk of dementia and can contribute to other health issues that affect brain health.
Mental health conditions, such as depression and anxiety, are recognized as potential risk factors for dementia. Seeking treatment and managing these conditions can improve overall well-being and may contribute to reducing dementia risk. Correcting sensory impairments like hearing and vision loss is also linked to cognitive decline. Untreated hearing and vision impairment may increase dementia risk, so treating these conditions can help maintain sensory input to the brain and promote social interaction.