Radiation therapy uses high-energy radiation to target and destroy cancer cells while aiming to spare healthy tissues. It can be used alone or with other treatments like surgery or chemotherapy. Preparing adequately can help individuals feel more informed about their treatment experience.
Practical Preparations Before Treatment
Before starting radiation therapy, individuals undergo initial consultations and a planning appointment called simulation. During simulation, the medical team precisely identifies the treatment area using imaging scans like CT or MRI. Immobilization devices, such as custom molds or masks, may be created for consistent positioning. Small, temporary or permanent skin markings guide therapists in daily radiation beam placement.
Arrange reliable transportation to and from the treatment facility, as daily sessions are common. Identify a support person for assistance with appointments and daily tasks. Understand the treatment schedule to manage personal commitments.
Maintain good nutrition and hydration to support the body. Prioritize rest to manage energy demands. Discuss skin care with your team, including recommended products and sun protection.
Emotional and mental preparation is also important. Build a strong support system, including family, friends, or support groups. Communicate openly with your medical team. Practice stress-reduction techniques like light exercise or meditation.
Prepare a list of questions for your care team. Inquire about expected side effects, treatment duration, and who to contact with concerns. Ask how treatment might affect daily activities, work, or diet. Understand the benefits, risks, and goals of the treatment.
Managing During Treatment
During radiation therapy sessions, individuals lie on a treatment table. The machine moves around them, directing radiation beams to the targeted area without touching them. Sessions are brief, lasting a few minutes for radiation delivery, though positioning takes longer. The process is painless, similar to an X-ray, but patients may hear machine sounds. A radiation therapist operates the machine from a separate room, monitoring the patient via camera and intercom.
Common side effects include fatigue, which can build up and worsen as treatment progresses. Skin changes in the treated area are also common, resembling a sunburn with redness, dryness, itching, or blistering. These reactions often begin within the first couple of weeks.
Manage side effects by following skin care guidelines from your team, such as using mild products and wearing soft clothing. To combat fatigue, get plenty of rest, take short breaks, and engage in light exercise when energy allows.
Maintain open communication with your medical team throughout treatment. Report any new or worsening side effects promptly so the team can provide guidance and adjust management strategies. This ensures discomfort is addressed and you receive appropriate support.
Continue self-care practices to support well-being. Maintain a balanced, nutritious diet and stay well-hydrated. Plan activities around peak energy times and allow for sufficient rest to manage daily treatment demands.
After Treatment and Beyond
After completing radiation therapy, follow-up care is scheduled to monitor recovery and assess treatment effectiveness. These appointments may include check-ups and imaging scans. Your care team will provide a schedule for these visits.
Side effects may persist after the last session. Fatigue often gradually improves over weeks or months, but can linger. Skin changes typically heal within weeks, though some alterations like darkening or scarring might be permanent as healthy cells recover.
Completing treatment can bring mixed emotions, including relief, anxiety, or a sense of loss. Emotional well-being is important for recovery. Seek support from family, friends, professional counselors, or support groups to process these feelings.
Maintain a healthy lifestyle post-treatment. Continue good nutrition, stay physically active as advised, and ensure adequate rest. Protect treated skin from sun exposure for at least a year after treatment.