A polysomnogram, commonly known as a sleep study, is a diagnostic test that evaluates various bodily functions during sleep. It identifies and diagnoses a range of sleep disorders, such as sleep apnea, narcolepsy, and periodic limb movement disorder. This test helps healthcare providers understand an individual’s sleep patterns and any disruptions. Preparing appropriately for a sleep study can help ensure accurate results and a more comfortable experience.
What to Expect from a Sleep Study
An overnight sleep study takes place in a specialized sleep lab, often designed to resemble a comfortable, private hotel room. These rooms usually include a bed, linens, and sometimes a private bathroom, aiming to create a relaxing atmosphere.
During the study, a sleep technologist monitors your sleep from another room using various sensors attached to your body. These sensors are painlessly applied to areas like your scalp, face, chest, and legs. They record multiple physiological signals throughout the night, including brain waves (EEG), eye movements (EOG), muscle activity (EMG), heart rate, breathing patterns, blood oxygen levels, and airflow through your nose.
While some initial discomfort or not sleeping as well as at home is common due to the unfamiliar environment or sensors, nearly everyone eventually falls asleep. Even a few hours of sleep can often provide sufficient data for diagnosis.
Preparing in the Days Leading Up
Several preparations should begin in the days leading up to your sleep study to ensure accurate results. Discuss all current medications, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements, with your doctor or the sleep clinic staff in advance. They will advise which medications to continue taking and which, if any, should be paused, as some can interfere with sleep patterns or test outcomes. Bring all your medications with you to the sleep center.
Avoiding certain substances is also important. Avoid caffeine, found in coffee, tea, chocolate, and some soft drinks, for at least 8 to 24 hours before your study, as it can disrupt natural sleep. Similarly, alcohol should be avoided for a minimum of 8 to 24 hours prior to the study, as it can alter normal sleep architecture and worsen conditions like sleep apnea. Maintaining a consistent sleep-wake schedule in the days preceding the study can also help your body adjust to sleeping in an unfamiliar environment.
Preparing on the Day of Your Study
On the day of your sleep study, specific actions are necessary to ensure sensors can be properly applied and function effectively. Shower and wash your hair thoroughly before arriving at the sleep lab. However, avoid applying any lotions, gels, hair sprays, makeup, or oils to your skin and hair, as these products can interfere with sensor adhesion.
Eating a light and familiar meal before you arrive at the sleep center is advised to prevent hunger from disrupting your sleep. Avoid taking any naps on the day of your overnight study, as napping can make it harder to fall asleep later that night. Arriving on time, typically in the early evening, allows sufficient time for check-in and sensor application before your usual bedtime.
Packing Essentials for Your Stay
Packing a small overnight bag with a few key items can enhance your comfort during the sleep study. Comfortable, loose-fitting, two-piece sleepwear, such as pajamas or a t-shirt and shorts, is recommended. Avoid nightgowns or slippery materials that might interfere with sensor placement.
Bring personal toiletries like a toothbrush, toothpaste, and hairbrush for your evening and morning routines. If you take daily medications, ensure you bring them in their original containers, as the clinic will not dispense them. For added comfort, consider bringing a favorite pillow, a book, or other reading material. Remember to pack a change of clothes for the following morning and your identification and insurance information for check-in.