An angiogram is a diagnostic imaging test that uses a contrast dye to create detailed images of the body’s blood vessels. The procedure identifies potential blockages, narrowing, or other abnormalities within the arteries or veins, most commonly those supplying the heart (coronary angiogram). Since the procedure involves catheter insertion and the use of a medical dye, proper preparation is necessary. Following the preparation instructions provided by the medical team ensures patient safety and the accuracy of the images obtained.
Essential Medical Consultations and Adjustments
Before an angiogram, a thorough review of the patient’s current medications is mandatory. Medications that affect blood clotting must be temporarily stopped to minimize the risk of bleeding at the catheter insertion site. Anticoagulants like warfarin may require cessation for up to five days, while some antiplatelet drugs, such as aspirin, are often continued unless the physician instructs otherwise.
Patients with diabetes must receive specific guidance regarding their medication regimen. Metformin is commonly required to be held for about 48 hours before and after the procedure due to its potential interaction with the contrast dye. This precaution mitigates the risk of lactic acidosis, especially if kidney function temporarily declines. Any other diabetes medications, including insulin, will need adjustment by the prescribing physician to account for the necessary fasting period.
Kidney function must be assessed through recent blood work, typically checking serum creatinine levels. The contrast media is primarily excreted by the kidneys, and poor function increases the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). The healthcare team uses these results to decide if additional protective measures, such as intravenous hydration, are necessary. Patients must disclose all known allergies, especially to iodine or previous reactions to contrast agents, so the team can administer pre-medications if needed.
Required Dietary Restrictions and Physical Preparation
A strict period of fasting is necessary before the procedure to ensure safety if sedation is administered. Patients must cease eating solid food for six to eight hours before the scheduled time. This empties the stomach, significantly reducing the risk of aspiration pneumonia should the patient experience nausea or vomiting while sedated.
Guidelines for clear liquids are often more flexible, allowing them up to two to four hours before arrival. Clear liquids include water, black coffee, or apple juice, but exclude cloudy or milky drinks. Patients must confirm the exact timeline with the medical facility, as deviation from these instructions may result in the procedure being delayed or canceled.
In the days leading up to the angiogram, patients should maintain adequate hydration by drinking plenty of water, unless a physician has placed them on fluid restrictions. This helps the kidneys process the contrast dye more efficiently following the procedure. On the morning of the test, patients are instructed to shower or bathe. They should avoid applying body lotions, powders, perfumes, or deodorants, as these substances can interfere with monitoring equipment or the antiseptic preparation of the puncture site.
Day-of Logistics and Necessary Documentation
Arranging reliable transportation home following the procedure is mandatory. Because the procedure involves sedation, the patient will be temporarily unable to drive safely. A responsible adult must be available to pick up the patient and, in some cases, remain with them for several hours after discharge.
Patients should wear loose-fitting, comfortable clothing that is easy to remove, as they will be asked to change into a hospital gown. It is recommended to leave all personal valuables, such as jewelry and excessive cash, at home to prevent loss.
Patients must bring identification, their insurance card, and a comprehensive, up-to-date list of all current medications, including dosages and frequency. Arriving at the facility 30 to 60 minutes prior is necessary to complete the check-in process and final preparation. Upon arrival, the patient will review and sign consent forms, confirming their understanding of the procedure, its risks, and the planned recovery process.